The End of the Civil War

The Anaconda Plan Union’s Plan for winning the war was called the Anaconda Plan Naval blockade of the south Seizure of the Mississippi river Capturing the Confederate capital in Richmond Virginia

New Technologies The Civil War also included lots of new military technologies Steal clad ships Union – The Monitor Confederate – The Merrimack First use of “machine gun”

Lincoln’s Actions Constitutional Questions Used state militias, built up Navy, blockaded the South, and increased military expenses all while Congress was not in session Congress later approved these Arrested Southern sympathizers in Maryland and Delaware so they wouldn’t secede Didn’t want Confederate states surrounding Washington Suspended Habeas Corpus Declared martial law Thousands arrested for being suspected of disloyalty Censored newspapers and arrested publishers and writers Lincoln expanded the power of the presidency but Was it constitutional? Was he using the President’s war powers or becoming a dictator? Could he limit the civil rights of northerners who sympathized with the south? Did he set a good example for other presidents?

Other Government Actions New federal banking system established to create a national currency In 1862, Congress passed 3 acts to help the economy by encouraging development in the Midwest and West Pacific Railway Act which authorized the building of the Transcontinental Railroad Passed Homestead Act which provided for the settlement of Western lands Approved the Morrill Land Grant Act, which gave public lands to states and territories to found agriculture, mechanical arts, and military science colleges

Cost of the War Bloodies war in American history at the time 600,000 Americans died New military technologies and diseases were brutal Worst day of the war occurred in 1862 at the Battle of Antietam in Maryland where Lee attempted to invade Maryland 5,000 soldiers died and 17,000 were wounded Three day battle at Gettysburg was the worst of the war 50,000 dead and wounded on both sides

The Home Front In the North production in factories and on farms increased during the war Women and African Americans took more factory jobs to replace the men fighting in the war Women ran farms as well Women served as nurses on both sides Clara Barton served and founded the Red Cross South did not have strong industry or good transportation system Confederate government had trouble with the draft and getting food for the army By the end of the War the South was left devastated

Emancipation Proclamation In 1863, Lincoln issued the Emancipation Proclamation which freed all slaves in areas still in rebellion against the US Mostly a symbolic measure because the Union could not enforce it African Americans had fought for the Union throughout the war but after the Proclamation the numbers increased greatly Some said it was bad because it only freed slaves where the Union had no power and not where it could do something Some said it was more positive because it prevented European aid to the south

The Gettysburg Address and End of the War The Gettysburg Address In November of 1863, Lincoln dedicated the Union Military cemetery at Gettysburg His short but legendary speech summarized the meaning of the war End of the War Battle of Gettysburg was the last time the south tried to invade the North Fought a defensive war from then on The war ended in 1865 with Lee’s surrender at Appomattox Court House

The End of the Civil War

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The End of the Civil War