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Understanding Enforced Crop Production Rules and IPM Techniques for Sustainable Agriculture

Enforced crop production rules utilize Integrated Pest Management (IPM) techniques mandated by statutory regulations. These rules, applicable to all growers in a specified area, include crop or host-free periods, planting date restrictions, cultivar limitations, and compulsory sanitation measures. Licensing and certification are essential to ensure the non-transport of infested materials. Furthermore, GMO regulations by entities like the FDA, EPA, and USDA govern food safety. This overview emphasizes the societal, environmental, and economic factors influencing the adoption and implementation of IPM strategies in agriculture.

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Understanding Enforced Crop Production Rules and IPM Techniques for Sustainable Agriculture

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  1. Enforced Crop Production Rules IPM techniques is that are required by statute or ordinance, imposed on all growers in a given area, and enforced, usually by penalty. Major types: • Crop or Host-Free Periods • Planting Date Restrictions • Cultivar Restrictions • Compulsory Sanitation Measures

  2. Licensing and Certification Ensures that infested or contaminated material is not transported, sold commercially, or used as breeding stock. • Seed & Stock Certification (domestic) • Certification for Export Markets

  3. GMO-Related Regulation • FDA, EPA & USDA are principal GMO regulatory bodies in the US • FDA: Regulates food crops if they contain • Something new to the human diet • Something that warrants suspicion (e.g. a toxin) • EPA: Regulates crops containing pesticides • USDA mostly regulate crop development, testing, and release. If crop contains pesticides, USDA & EPA jointly regulate. Crop Use Crop Production

  4. IPM Implementation • Chapter 19 – Societal and Environmental Limitations to IPM Tactics • Societal constraints and public attitudes • Environmental issues • Chapter 18 – IPM Programs: Development and Implementation • Chapter 20 – IPM into the Future

  5. Societal Limitations • Society places limits on pest management techniques because of risk perception • Limits often increase producer costs • Society must reimburse producers or must export risks to other societies • If producers are reimbursed, they will adopt IPM • How much is society willing to pay for IPM? See fs897

  6. If Society is willing to pay more, farmers will provide IPM products Source: http://www.nysipm.cornell.edu/labeling/label2.html

  7. Reasons for not adopting specific IPM practices Sourece: http://www.umass.edu/umext/ipm/ipm_projects/education/assessing_grower_adoption.html

  8. IPM Programs: Development and Implementation • IPM Revisited • IPM Program Development • IPM Program Implementation • Examples of programs will be presented over the four subsequent lectures.

  9. Direct Scouting Observations Used by MA Apple Growers Source: http://www.aftresearch.org/ipm/symposium/26

  10. Insecticide Use by MA Apple Growers, 1995

  11. IPM is Implemented by the IPM Program • IPM Program defined: (1) An organization dedicated to implementing IPM in a specific crop or set of crops; (2) The collective activities of such an organization. • “Collective Activities” include: • Developing strategies • Education of various individuals • Assisting in implementing specific aspects of IPM (e.g. monitoring efforts) • Providing specific IPM-related services (e.g. forecasting) • Conducting any IPM-related research or demonstration • Other activities (e.g. certification & testing)

  12. IPM Program Components • Pest Identification • Management strategy couched in the crop context • Pest monitoring • Decision criteria for selecting tactics • Record keeping • Evaluation of tactics (post treatment), strategies, and overall program

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