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THE PASSIVE VOICE

Explore the intricacies of the passive voice in Latin through a structured overview. This guide covers essential topics including the definition of the passive voice, verb endings across all four conjugations, and comparisons between active and passive constructions. Learn how the subject is acted upon by the verb and the various forms in which passive verbs appear, including present and imperfect tenses. With examples, you will gain a clear understanding of how to use and identify passive constructions in Latin effectively.

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THE PASSIVE VOICE

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  1. THE PASSIVE VOICE

  2. Table of contents • 1 What is the passive voice? • 2. The passive endings • 3. First conjugation • 4. Second conjugation • 5. Third conjugation • 6. Fourth conjugation

  3. In the active voice, the subjectPERFORMS THE ACTION of the verb.

  4. Mures placentam portant.

  5. (The mice carry the cake.)

  6. In the passive voice, the subject is ACTED UPON by the verb.

  7. Placenta a muribus portatur.

  8. (The cake is carried by the mice.)

  9. In Latin, there are special endings to show that the verbs are in the passive voice!

  10. First, let’s review the ACTIVE endings.

  11. Present Active – “is verbing”

  12. Imperfect Active – “was verbing”

  13. Now we’ll look at the passive voice endings:

  14. First conjugation long “a” verbs

  15. portor portāris portātur portāmur portāmini portantur portare--passive voice

  16. Second conjugation long “e” verbs

  17. teneor tenēris tenētur tenēmur tenēmini tenentur tenere--passive voice

  18. Third Conjugation the short E verbs

  19. ducor duceris ducitur ducimur ducimini ducuntur ducere--passive voice

  20. Third Conjugation -io verbs

  21. capior caperis capitur capimur capimini capiuntur capere--passive voice

  22. Fourth Conjugation long “i” verbs

  23. audior audīris audītur audīmur audīmini audiuntur audire--passive voice

  24. Present Passive – “is being verbed”

  25. Imperfect Passive–“was being verbed”

  26. Now, let’s look at some active and passive verb situations:

  27. Puella aquam potat.

  28. Aqua a puella potatur.

  29. Viri carmen cantant.

  30. Carmen a viribus cantatur.

  31. Vir panem vendit.

  32. Panis a viro venditur

  33. FINIS

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