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CHAPTER 2

CHAPTER 2. Communication, Networks, The internet and the Worldwide Web. What is a network?. A collection of computers and devices connected together via communications devices and media Modems Cables Telephone lines Satellites. The Internet.

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CHAPTER 2

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  1. CHAPTER 2 Communication, Networks, The internet and the Worldwide Web

  2. What is a network? A collection of computers and devices connected together via communications devices and media Modems Cables Telephone lines Satellites The Internet

  3. What are some of the services found on the Internet? The Internet instant messaging e-mail Web message board chat file transfer Next p. 2.3 Fig. 2-1

  4. How did the Internet originate? History of the Internet Goal:To allow scientists at different locations to share information and work together on military and scientific projects ARPANET Networking project by Pentagon’s Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA) Became functional in September 1969 Goal:Tofunction even if part of the network were disabled or destroyed

  5. Who provides the structure for the Internet today? History of the Internet Networks from corporations, commercial firms, and other companies Telephone companies Cable companies Government Satellite companies

  6. Who controls the Internet? The Internet is a public, cooperative, and independent network No single entity controls or owns the Internet Several organizations advise and define standards History of the Internet • Internet2 (I2) • Internet-related research and development project • Develops and tests advanced Internet technologies • World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) • Oversees research and sets standards and guidelines

  7. How can you connect to the Internet? How the Internet Works High speed connection • Employees and students • Computers part of a local area network (LAN) • Connect to service provider through a high-speed connection line leased from local telephone company Dial-up access • Home or small business • Computer, modem, regular telephone line • Dial into an ISP or OSP Newer high-speed technologies • Home and small business • Digital subscriber line (DSL) – provides high-speed Internet connections over regular copper telephone line • Cable modem- provides high-speed Internet connections through cable television network

  8. How might data travel the Internet using a telephone line connection? How the Internet Works Regional ISP Regional ISP Regional ISP Regional ISP Regional ISP Step 3 Step 3 Step 3 Step 3 Step 3 Step 3 Step 5 Step 5 Step 5 Step 5 Step 1 Step 1 Step 1 Step 1 Step 1 Step 1 Step 1 Step 1 Step 2 Step 2 Step 2 Step 2 Step 2 Step 2 Step 2 Step 4 Step 4 Step 4 Step 4 Step 4 National ISP National ISP National ISP National ISP Step 6 Step 6 Step 6 Local ISP Local ISP Internet backbone Internet backbone Internet backbone Step 8 Step 7 Step 7 National ISP National ISP National ISP 1: You initiate an action to request data from the Internet. 2: A modem converts the digital signals from the computer into analog signals, which are understood by telephone lines. 3: Data (request) travels through telephone lines to a local ISP. 4: Data may pass through one or more routers before reaching its final destination. 5: The regional ISP uses lines, leased from a telephone company, to send data to a national ISP. 6: The national ISP routes data across the country to another national ISP. 7: Data moves from a national ISP to a local ISP and then to a destination server. 8: The server retrieves the requested data and sends it back through the Internet backbone to your computer.

  9. What is an Internet protocol (IP) address? Number that uniquely identifies each computer or device connected to the Internet Four groups of numbers, each separated by a period Number in each group is between 0 and 255 How the Internet Works 199.95.72.10 last part identifies specific computer first part identifies network IP address

  10. What is a domain name? Text version of an IP address Components are separated by periods Each domain name represents one or more IP addresses How the Internet Works www.scsite.com IP address 199.95.72.10 Domain name

  11. What is a top-level domain (TLD) abbreviation? Identifies the type of organization associated with the domain Sometimes called dot com when TLD is com How the Internet Works

  12. What systems control domain names? How the Internet Works Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN) Group that assigns and controls TLDs Domain name system (DNS) System on the Internet that stores the domain names and their corresponding IP addresses DNS server Translates the domain name into its associated IP address

  13. What is the World Wide Web (WWW)? Also known as the Web A worldwide collection of electronic documents Each document on the Web is called a Web page Can contain text, graphics, sound, and video Can contain built-in connections to other documents A Web site is a collection of related Web pages The World Wide Web

  14. What is a Web browser? Also called a browser The World Wide Web • Software program that allows you to access and view Web pages • Two popular browsers for personal computers • Netscape • Internet Explorer

  15. What is surfing the Web? Links can point to an item on the same Web page, a different Web page at the same Web site, or a separate Web page at a different Web site in another city or country The World Wide Web • The activity of jumping from one Web page to another is surfing

  16. What are the parts of a URL? The World Wide Web protocol domain name path http://www.nationalgeographic.com/travel/index.html

  17. What is needed for creating a Web page? Also called Web page authoring Web Publishing • Hardware • Digital camera • Scanner • Sound card • Microphone • PC camera • Software to prepare HTML • HTML (hypertext markup language) • A set of special codes that format a file for use as a Web page • Created with either: • Word processing package • Web page authoring software

  18. How do you deploy a Web site? Web Publishing Locate a Web server to store your site • Provided by many ISPs and OSPs at no additional cost • Provided by a Web hosting service for a monthly fee Upload, or copy, the site to the Web server

  19. What else might be needed to create a Web site? Web Publishing Apply to an official registrar for a specific domain name Register site with search engines using a submission service • A Web-based business that helps register your site Webmaster Individual responsible for maintaining a Web site and developing Web pages

  20. What is e-mail? Electronic mail The transmission of messages and files via a computer network Use an e-mail program to work with messages Other Internet Services create forward send print receive store delete

  21. How do you send an e-mail message? Other Internet Services Step 1 Step 1 Step 1 Step 1 Step 1 Step 2 Step 2 Step 2 Step 2 Step 3 Step 3 Step 3 Step 4 Step 4 Step 5 1 Start an e-mail program and point to the New Mail Message button 2 Click the New Mail Message button to display the Message window 3 Enter the recipient’s e-mail address, the subject, and the message in the Message window 4 Click the Insert File button to attach a JPG file containing a picture to the message. Locate the file on your hard disk and click its name. An icon for the file displays. Click the Send button to send the message. 5 When Sally receives the e-mail message, she opens the JPG file to view the picture.

  22. What is an Internet e-mail address? A combination of a user name and a domain name that identifies a user so he or she can receive Internet e-mail Other Internet Services user name or user-ID A unique combination of characters that identifies you domain name Identifies the mail server at

  23. How can you get e-mail? Most ISPs and OSPs provide an Internet e-mail program and a mailbox on a mail server as a standard part of their Internet access services Some Web sites provide e-mail services free of charge Other Internet Services address book Allows you to store a list of names and e-mail addresses mail server The server that contains the mailboxes mailbox Storage location usually residing on the computer that connects you to the Internet

  24. What is FTP? File Transfer Protocol Other Internet Services file download window • An Internet standard that allows you to upload and download files with other computers on the Internet

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