Review and Impact of Habitat Fragmentation on Biodiversity

1. Chapter 3 Game Review

2. Taxol is made from ____________ tree. the Pacific yew

3. Breaking larger habitats into smaller, isolated pieces, is called _______________. habitat fragmentation

4. Species in danger of becoming extinct in the near future are called ________________. endangered species

5. _______ is a structure in cells that is responsible for characteristics of a future organism. Gene or DNA

6. A fish farm is called ____________. aquaculture

7. The number of different species in an area is called _______________. biodiversity

8. One method of managing fisheries is: ___________________. -setting fishing limits -changing fishing methods -developing aquaculture techniques -finding new resources

9. Natural resource can be divided into: ________________ and _____________ • Non-renewable resource • Renewable resource

10. One of the renewable resources is: ________________. Sun, water, trees, air, soil

11. An area of a large population of valuable ocean organisms is called a ___________. fishery

12. What are 4 causes of extinction? • Habitat destruction, poaching, acid rain, foreign species • Habitat fragmentation, killing, acid rain, exotic species • Habitat destruction, poaching, pollution, exotic species • Habitat fragmentation, removal of species, pollution, exotic species

13. What is pollution? • Is a contamination of Earth’s land • Is dumping chemicals into rivers • Is releasing bad smoke into the air • Is all of the above

14. What factors affect biodiversity? • Area, weather, niche diversity • Land, climate, animals’ diversity • Land, temperature, niche diversity • Area, climate, niche diversity

15. Catching fish at a rate faster than they can breed is called: a. aquaculture b. sustainable yield c. fishing limits d. overfishing

16. What is a species that influences the survival of many other species in an ecosystem? • Important species • Keystone species • Irreplaceable species • Renewable species

17. The contamination of Earth’s air, land, or water is called: • Extinction • Aquaculture • Pollution • Habitat destruction

18. The most diverse ecosystems in the world are: • Coral reefs • Deserts • Grasslands • Tropical rain forests

19. If all members of a species disappear from Earth, that species is: • Extinct • Endangered • Renewable • Threatened

20. In some areas, foresters plant one three for every tree they cut. This activity is an example of: • A non-sustainable approach to a nonrenewable natural resource • A sustainable approach to a nonrenewable natural resource • A non-sustainable approach to a renewable natural resource • A sustainable approach to a renewable natural resource

21. The most effective way to preserve biodiversity is through: • Habitat fragmentation • Habitat destruction • Habitat preservation • Captive breeding

22. Taxol, which originally came from Pacific Yew trees, is a medicine, that is used to fight: • Heart disease • Kidney disease • Cancer • Diabetes

23. A disease kills most members of a plant species in an ecosystem. Several animal species feed on that plant species. After a time, the populations of those animal species decline. Which of the following inferences is valid? • The ecosystem will soon recover • The plant species will become extinct • The plant species is a keystone species in that ecosystem • Several animal species in the ecosystem will eventually become extinct

24. The illegal killing or removal of animals from their habitats is called: • Animal destruction • Poaching • Contamination of species • Niche diversity

25. Explain how habitat destruction affects species. Species lose the places where they feed, breed and nest. If they can’t find a substitute niche, they must move t a new location to survive. If they can’t relocate, they will not survive.

26. Describe the importance of biodiversity to drug research. Almost half of all medicines sold today have chemicals originally found in wild organisms. Many organisms have potential medical uses that have not been discovered yet. The more diversity that exists, the more potential for sources of disease-fighting drugs.

27. On a personal level, what kind of decisions can you make related to protecting an environment? • Shorter showers • Turn off water before brushing teeth • Use bins for recyclables at home • Use scrap papers to write notes • Whenever possible, use bikes • Carpool

28. What is the difference between clear cutting and selective cutting of a forest? Clear cutting is the process of cutting down all the trees in an area at once. Selective cutting is the process in where some trees are cut and some are left uncut.

29. Describe how environmental decisions are made. By considering the viewpoints of many different people and weighing the costs and benefits of different solutions.

30. What might happen to a fish population over time if all the largest fish in the population were caught? Explain. If all the largest fish in a region were caught, the average size of the fish may become smaller over time.

31. Why is forest considered a renewable resource? Because new trees can be planted to replace trees that are cut down, forests can be renewable resource.

32. Explain how human population growth affects resource use and pollution. As the number of humans increase, they use more resources, which can reduce resources availability and contribute to pollution, such as air pollution that is produced when fossil fuels are burned.

33. How could the extinction of a species today affect your life in 20 years? The species might have been the source of a medicine or had another use that is unknown today. The species might have been important to the survival of another species.

34. Why are many human medicines made from chemicals that come from plants? Many plants produce chemicals that ward off diseases and parasites. These chemicals often have disease-fighting properties in humans.

35. Why is a gene pool diversity important to survival of a species? Species with gene pool diversity are better able to adapt to changes in the environment.

36. You are walking in a clear-cut part of a forest a few days after a heavy rainstorm. A nearby stream is very muddy and has many dead fish. What might have happened? Without tree roots to hold water and soil in place, large amounts of soil were washed into the stream during the rainstorm. The soil in the water has made it more difficult for fish and other aquatic organisms to live.

37. Would you expect to find great biodiversity in the tundra biome? Why or why not? No, the tundra biome growing season is too short to be able to provide a year-round food source for organisms.

38. How can habitat be preserved? The best way is to protect the whole ecosystems instead of a single ecosystem. Protecting the whole ecosystem saves not only endangered species, but also the species they depend upon and those that depend upon them.

39. Do you think that scientists have identified all the wild plants that may have medical uses? Why or why not? No, many parts of the rain forest remain unexplored; so it’s likely that there are medicinal plants to be discovered.