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Carboxylic Acids and Esters

Carboxylic Acids and Esters. Carboxylic Acids. Molecules with a carboxyl group -COOH E.g. lactic acid, citric acid Alkane name with -oic acid E.g. methanoic acid. Properties of Carboxylic Acids. Polar and can hydrogen bond

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Carboxylic Acids and Esters

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  1. Carboxylic Acids and Esters

  2. Carboxylic Acids • Molecules with a carboxyl group -COOH • E.g. lactic acid, citric acid • Alkane name with -oic acid • E.g. methanoic acid

  3. Properties of Carboxylic Acids • Polar and can hydrogen bond • Similar properties to alcohols (smaller members are soluble in water, larger members are insoluble) • Acidic: pH < 7 (H-atom in -OH group)

  4. Preparing Carboxylic Acids: Oxidation Reactions Recall: A 1˚ alcohol can be oxidized to form an aldehyde. An aldehyde can be further oxidized to form a carboxylic acid A ketone cannot be oxidized because there is no free H-atom

  5. Oxidation Reaction

  6. Esters • an organic compound that contains a carbonyl group bonded to an oxygen atom

  7. Esterfication Recall: acid + base --> salt + water (neutralization reaction) Carboxylic acid + alcohol --> ester + water Properties of Esters • Similar to carboxylic acids, but lacking -OH group • Esters are less polar (less soluble in water), lower boiling points (no H-bonds) • Not acidic • Produce odours

  8. Naming Esters • 1st part is the name of the alkyl group in the alcohol • 2nd part is the ending of the acid name changed from -oic to -oate

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