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Learn about the different types of circulatory systems and respiratory structures in vertebrates, as well as other systems like feeding, digestion, temperature control, excretion, and reproduction.
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To insert your company logo on this slide • From the Insert Menu • Select “Picture” • Locate your logo file • Click OK • To resize the logo • Click anywhere inside the logo. The boxes that appear outside the logo are known as “resize handles.” • Use these to resize the object. • If you hold down the shift key before using the resize handles, you will maintain the proportions of the object you wish to resize. Form and Function of Vertebrates Section 20-3 Rm 111 @ THS
Objectives • Describe a single-loop circulatory systemDescribe a Double-loop circulatory system • Compare two techniques of body temperature control in vertebrates
Support and Movement • Reptiles: horizontal limbs • Mammals: vertical limbs
Feeding and Digestion • Carnivores: shorter digestive tract • Herbivores: longer digestive tract Why? Plant material takes longer to digest!
Respiration • Gills: fish, larval amphibian • Lungs: adult amphibian • Air sacs: birds • Lung: mammals • Bronchi • Alveoli What are some structures used for respiration in vertebrates?
Internal Transport: Single-loop • Fish • two sets of capillaries • pressure loss after gills • two-chambered heart • atrium • ventricle • less efficient
Internal Transport: Double-loop • amphibians: three-chambered heart • mixing of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood • mammals: four-chambered heart • two atria, two ventricles • no mixing • blood to lungs: pulmonary circulation • blood to body: systemic circulation
Temperature Control • Fishes, amphibians, reptiles • Environment used to control temperature • Ectotherms • Water: a constant temperature environment
Temperature Control • Mammals • Generate body heat through chemical reactions in body tissues • Endotherms
Excretion • Diffusion of ammonia • Through gills: fish • Through skin: amphibians • Kidney • Urea: mammals • less toxic • Uric Acid: birds, reptiles • less soluble
Response • Cephalization • Brain • Spinal cord • protected: vertebrae • Cerebrum • an increased size from fish to amphibians to mammals
Reproduction • Almost always sexual • External fertilization in some, e.g • Codfish,frogs • Internal fertilization in • Mammals, birds, reptiles, certain amphibians • Trend toward internal fertilization
ReproductionThree Strategies • Oviparous: (Fish) Eggs laid outside and fertilized – lots of eggs/offspring needed • Viviparous: (Mammal) – Few eggs Internal fertilization in • Ovoviviparous: (Shark) Trend toward internal fertilization
1 D 2 H 3 F 4 E 5 B 6 C 7 I 8 C 9 D 10 E 11 G 12 A 13 F 14 REPTILE 15 VERTICAL 16 SHORTER, LONGER Xerox 20-3
17 ventricle 18 atria ventricals 19 endothremic 20 b e f 21 urea 22 mammals, birds 23 sexually 24 4,1,2,3 mamal, fish, reptile, bird 25 Water does not vary greatly in its temperature.
frog gulping air? http://www.folkways.si.edu/images/frog-18.jpg birds air sacs motion http://www.csuchico.edu/~pmaslin/fbiol/pics/BrdBrth.GIF People at disney land http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=students.washington.edu/pphan001/travel/disney/waiting.jpg&imgrefurl=http://students.washington.edu/pphan001/travel/disney/&h=373&w=546&prev=/images%3Fq%3Ddisney%2Bland%2Blines%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Den%26lr%3D%26ie%3DUTF-8%26oe%3DUTF-8 Alveoli http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=info.med.yale.edu/intmed/cardio/imaging/anatomy/bronchioles/graphics/bronchiole_diagram.gif&imgrefurl=http://info.med.yale.edu/intmed/cardAlveoli http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=info.med.yale.edu/intmed/cardio/imaging/anatomy/bronchioles/graphics/bronchiole_diagram.gif&imgrefurl=http://info.med.yale.edu/intmed/cardio/imaging/anatomy/bronchioles/&h=400&w=760&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dalveoli%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Den%26lr%3D%26ie%3DUTF-8%26oe%3DUTF-8 reptile sunning http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=www.artofwildlife.com/nilesunsoaker.JPG&imgrefurl=http://www.artofwildlife.com/reptiles.html&h=141&w=200&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dreptiles%2Bin%2Bthe%2Bsun%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Den%26lr%3D%26ie%3DUTF-8%26oe%3DUTF-8 io/imaging/anatomy/bronchioles/&h=400&w=760&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dalveoli%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Den%26lr%3D%26ie%3DUTF-8%26oe%3DUTF-8 reptile sunning http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=www.artofwildlife.com/nilesunsoaker.JPG&imgrefurl=http://www.artofwildlife.com/reptiles.html&h=141&w=200&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dreptiles%2Bin%2Bthe%2Bsun%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Den%26lr%3D%26ie%3DUTF-8%26oe%3DUTF-8 fish in water http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=www.solcomhouse.com/Antarc8.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.solcomhouse.com/Antarctica.htm&h=150&w=226&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dfish%2Bin%2Bice%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Den%26lr%3D%26ie%3DUTF-8%26oe%3DUTF-8 References - Credits