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The South’s Market Revolution

The South’s Market Revolution. Cotton, Slavery, and the Old South. Pre-1820’s Southern Agriculture. Virginia, Maryland, N. Carolina Tobacco S. Carolina, Georgia, Florida Rice Gulf Coast states Sugar. Decline of Staple Crops. 1820-1850 saw a decline in staple crops Tobacco

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The South’s Market Revolution

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  1. The South’s Market Revolution Cotton, Slavery, and the Old South

  2. Pre-1820’s Southern Agriculture • Virginia, Maryland, N. Carolina • Tobacco • S. Carolina, Georgia, Florida • Rice • Gulf Coast states • Sugar

  3. Decline of Staple Crops • 1820-1850 saw a decline in staple crops • Tobacco • Notoriously unstable • Price fluctuations • Exhausted the land • Became to expensive • Rice • Lots of irrigations • Long growing period (9 months) • Relatively small area of growing • Sugar • Very hard work • Long growing seasons

  4. Rise of “King Cotton” • Short-Staple Cotton • Courser than long-staple • Could grow in a variety of climates • Harder to process because of seeds though • 1793 problem solved with the invention of the Cotton gin

  5. The New Market • Too meet demand of labor for new cotton market, northern slaves sent south • Creates a new market system • Transportation • Storage • Sells • Labor • Slavery expected to end by 1830 now saw with this new market the expansion of slavery

  6. The Slave Market • Major centers were New Orleans and Atlanta • Step one: Transportation • Slaves would be sold to middle-men in Chesapeake state • Travel by wagon or foot to the markets

  7. Slave Market Con’t • Step 2: Storage • Slaves brought to centers • Put into holding pens • Prospective buyers could view the merchandise

  8. Slave Market Con’t • Step 3: Selling merchandise • Auctions would be held • Slaves sold based on appearance and sex • Most tried, but usually failed to keep families together

  9. Slave Market Con’t • Step 4: Labor • Sold Slaves would be either sent to plantations or work in or around the markets • Division of labor • Women • House slaves • Wet Nurses • Or field work • Men • Sent to field • Trained in trades • Black smiths, wranglers, etc • Also made overseers

  10. Market Resistance • Slaves were not docile lemmings • Feigned sickness or injury so as not to be sold to someone they disliked • Opposite for those they did like • Labor resistance • Feigning sickness • Breaking equipment • Running away

  11. What it Means • Historians have argued that there was no “Market Revolution” in the south • True: There was no industrial growth like the north • False: The new slave/cotton markets brought about a revolution in the south • Expansion of slavery • King Cotton • South a economic and thus a political power • Will use that power to hold onto slavery

  12. White Society in the South • Only a small minority owned slaves • 1860: 383,000 owned slaves out of a population of 8 mil. • Planter Aristocracy • Owned 40-50 slaves • Owned 800+ acres • Dominated economic, political, and social life in the south

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