Civil War Review

1. Civil War Review Chapter 15, 16, 17

2. The Decade of Crisis 1850-1860 • Eight Decisive Events • Compromise of 1850 • Uncle Tom’s Cabin • Kansas Nebraska Act • Caning of Charles Sumner • Dred Scott Case • Lincoln-Douglas Debates • John Brown’s Raid at Harpers Ferry • The Election of Lincoln in 1860

3. Compromise of 1850 • After the Mexican-American War and the Gold Rush, California applies for statehood. • CA is admitted as a free state (makes the North Happy) • A Strict Fugitive Slave Law is adopted (makes the South Happy)

5. Uncle Tom’s Cabin 1852 • A book written by a Northern White woman named Harriet Beecher Stowe. • Was written to expose the brutality of slavery in the south. • The book is banned in the South

7. Kansas-Nebraska Act 1854 • As westward expansion continues, two new territories open for statehood. • Kansas and Nebraska are divided into two territories. • Nebraska is free • Kansas would be decided by popular sovereignty (the people decide) This leads to violent clashes between free soilers and slavery proponents. Hence the name “Bleeding Kansas”.

9. Caning of Charles Sumner 1856 • Sumner from the North criticizes a Southern leader in the Senate. • His nephew Preston Brooks takes offense and beats Sumner in the head on the floor of the Senate with his cane. • Highlights the growing resentment of the South and North

11. Dred Scott 1857 • Dred Scott was moved from MO to WI and his slave owner dies. • Dred Scott sues for his freedom on the grounds that he is living in a free territory • The Supreme Court says that Scott is not a citizen because he is Black. • This opens slavery up in all the territories but the North stays free.

13. Lincoln Douglas Debates - 1858 • Race for Senate in IL • Lincoln argues that the country must be all free or all slave. • Douglas argues for popular sovereignty – that the people decide what territory is slave and what is free. • Lincoln loses the race but gains national attention and will be elected in 1860

15. John Brown’s Raid on Harpers Ferry 1859 • John Brown was a radical abolitionist – accused of hacking 5 pro slavery people to death in Kansas. • Sets up a plot to raid a federal arsenal in Virginia to steal weapons to create a free African-American state in VA. • He is captured and hanged for treason. • The South sees the abolitionist cause as out to attack their way of life.

16. John Brown

17. Election of Lincoln in 1860 • 4 people run for president thus splitting the vote. • Lincoln wins most of the North while the other candidates split the Southern states giving Lincoln the majority of Electoral votes. • The South sees Lincoln as calling for the end to slavery and threatens to secede because they didn’t elect him. • SC secedes from the Union first in 1861. Other Southern states follow.

19. The Civil War • First Shots fired at Fort Sumter South Carolina. • The North loses the fort • The nation is divided North (Union) and South (Confederacy) • Lincoln is President of the Union • Jefferson Davis is president of the Confederacy

21. Causes • Slavery • South’s economy is tied to slavery. King Cotton • States Rights • The south sees the federal government and abolition as taking away their rights as states (10th Amendment)

22. Strengths/Weaknesses of the North

23. Strengths/Weaknesses of the South

24. Battles • Sumter • Bull Run • Shiloh • New orleans • Antietam • Gettys • Vicksburgh • Appomatox