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Columbus Discovers the Americas

Columbus Discovers the Americas. 1492 - 1607. Reasons for European Exploration. The Crusades Emergence of Strong Central States The Renaissance New Technology Expanding Horizons. The Crusades (1095 – 1291). Brought Europeans into contact with the Middle East

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Columbus Discovers the Americas

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  1. Columbus Discovers the Americas 1492 - 1607

  2. Reasons for European Exploration • The Crusades • Emergence of Strong Central States • The Renaissance • New Technology • Expanding Horizons

  3. The Crusades (1095 – 1291) • Brought Europeans into contact with the Middle East • Europeans wanted spices and luxury items from China and India

  4. Emergence of Strong States • France, England, Spain, Italy, Portugal • By 1300s feudalism was declining • Kings were becoming more powerful • Trade was booming

  5. The Renaissance (1350 – 1600) • Rebirth of learning • Read Greek, Roman & Arab texts

  6. New Technology • Compass • Astrolabe • Improved ships • (sails, masts, etc.)

  7. Expanding Horizons • Portuguese explore African coast • Reach India • Import gold, ivory, pepper and palm oil

  8. Christopher Columbus • Born in Genoa, Italy in 1451 • Worked as a map maker • 1470s – began looking for financial backing to find a western route to India • Wanted: • Title of Admiral of the Oceans • 10 % of all the loot • Governorship to his heirs • 1492 – Queen Isabella of Spain gave him three ships • Died in 1506, at age 55 depressed & penniless

  9. Tobacco • Columbus and other explorers brought back tobacco seeds to Spain • Europeans believed it was a miracle herb which could: • Ward off the plague • Cure sword wounds • Clear congested lungs!!

  10. Columbian Exchange

  11. Welcome to the Q.A.R.70’s Dance Party!

  12. Q.A.R.70’s Dance Party! • We need 2 Big Groups and 2 small groups (The Movers & the Shakers) within the big group. • Form 2 lines that face each other. • Movers share ONE question from their list and discuss the answer with their partner across the isle. Repeat this process with the Shakers. (3.5 Mins) • When time is up, the movers slide down one position or (boogie down one position). Shakers stay in place or Shake your groove thang! • The Mover at the end of the line should boogie down between the rows to the other end.

  13. Other European Explorers • John Cabot (England) • Vasco Nunez de Balboa (Spain) • Ferdinand Magellan (Spain) • Giovanni Verranzo (France) • Jacques Cartier (France) • Francisco Coronado (Spain) • Sir Francis Drake (England) • Sir Walter Raleigh (England) • Juan de Onate (Spain) • Samuel de Champlain (France) Amerigo Vespucci • Henry Hudson (Netherlands) • Juan Ponce de Leon (Spain) • Hernán Cortez (Spain) • Francisco Pizarro (Spain) • Hernando de Soto (Spain)

  14. European Explorers

  15. Spain and the Three G’s • God • Gold • Glory

  16. What about the Natives? • Indian Slavery • Encomeinda – a land owner had the right to the labor of all natives who lived on the land • Created by Columbus • Gold Tax • War

  17. Priests • Priests and missionaries regularly traveled with the explorers • Tried to convert the natives to Christianity • Most were good and honestly tried to help the natives • Others used the cross to justify bad treatment • 1514, Pope Leo X declared, “not only the Christian religion but Nature cries out against the slavery and the slave trade.” • Bartolome de las Casas • Priest who tried protecting the rights of Native Americans

  18. Disease • Disease was the Europeans most formidable weapon • The Indians’ immune system had no defense against diseases such as measles and smallpox • Spread via the trade routes of Indians • Disease killed thousand times more Indians than guns or swords

  19. African Slave Trade • Once Native populations had been decimated, the Europeans began turning to Africa for their labor

  20. Treaty of Tordesillas

  21. Black Legend

  22. French Territories • The French claimed the land around the Gulf of St. Lawrence and the Great Lakes • Also claimed the land all along the Mississippi River down to New Orleans • Fishing and trapping for fur were their main enterprises

  23. English Territories • The English claimed the land along America’s Eastern coast • They were most interested in settling the land

  24. The Lost Colony • 1587 – Sir Walter Raleigh sent a group of colonists to what is now Virginia • 89 men, 7 women, 11 children • Called their colony Roanoke • 1590 – a relief expedition arrived to find no remains of the colony

  25. Jamestown

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