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Introduction to the Body Systems

Introduction to the Body Systems. March 27, 2007 BY: BRIANNA SHIELDS. DO NOW. 1. Which member of a food chain can directly utilize the sun’s energy? 2. Which member of a food chain is responsible for breaking down dead and decaying matter and returning it to the soil?

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Introduction to the Body Systems

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  1. Introduction to the Body Systems March 27, 2007 BY: BRIANNA SHIELDS

  2. DO NOW • 1. Which member of a food chain can directly utilize the sun’s energy? • 2. Which member of a food chain is responsible for breaking down dead and decaying matter and returning it to the soil? • 3. In which type of symbiotic relationship do both organisms that are involved benefit?

  3. GOAL • To understand how the body systems function together to maintain homeostasis in the body.

  4. CELL ORGAN SYSTEM TISSUE ORGAN

  5. Organization in the Body • Cell--> smallest unit of life • Tissue--> made of many similar cells • Organ--> made of many similar tissues • Organ System--> several organs working together

  6. CELL TISSUE ORGAN ORGAN SYSTEM Blood Cells Blood Tissue Heart Circulatory System EXAMPLE

  7. EPITHELIAL NERVE CONNECTIVE MUSCLE BLOOD Protects other tissue Sends/receives messages Supports/protects body Allows movement Carries oxygen, food through body TYPES OF TISSUE

  8. Digestive Breaks down food into small bits for cells to use Body Systems Overview

  9. Peristalsis- involuntary squeezing of food through the digestive tract Digestive System

  10. Pathway of Digestion 1. MOUTH- Digestion begins, starches broken down (saliva and teeth) 2. ESOPHAGUS Food passes through (peristalsis)

  11. Pathway of Digestion STOMACH Chemical & Mechanical digestion (proteins broken down) SMALL INTESTINE Most digestion happens, digestion is completed- find villi for absorbing nutrients

  12. Pathway of Digestion LARGE INTESTINE Stores & eliminates undigested food ANUS Solid waste passed out

  13. Respiratory Lungs take in O2 which is combined w/ nutrients for energy Body Systems Overview

  14. Pathway of oxygen 1. Mouth/ nose 2. Trachea 3. Two bronchial tubes 4. Bronchi branches 5. Air sacs 6. Capillaries Blood picks up OXYGEN in capillaries of air sacs The waste CARBON DIOXIDE is dumped off Respiratory System

  15. Path of Oxygen through the Respiratory System

  16. Circulatory Blood transports oxygen from lungs to cell, and wastes from cell to lungs Body Systems Overview

  17. Pathway of Blood Blood is pumped by the heart & carried by 3 types of blood vessels: Arteries- carry blood away from heart (carries CO2) Veins- carry blood to heart (carries O2) Capillaries- tiny, thin walls so O2 and CO2 can pass through Circulatory System

  18. Nervous Receiving and sending messages Body Systems Overview

  19. Stimulus Response Pathway Made of nerve cells (NEURONS) 1. Senses send signals (stimulus) to brain 2. Brain decides how to respond (response) 3. Nerves carry response to proper part Nervous System

  20. Excretory Ridding body of wastes (water, heat, urine, CO2, salt) Body Systems Overview

  21. Excretory System: Label your Diagram Skin Lungs Kidneys

  22. Organs of Excretion LUNGS- excretes CO2, water, heat SKIN- excretes water, salt, heat KIDNEYS- excretes water, salt, urine Excretory System

  23. Organ of elimination ANUS/LARGE INTESTINE- gets rid of feces (s0lid waste) Excretory System

  24. Reproductive Sex cells combine to make offspring (sperm + egg = fertilization) Body Systems Overview

  25. Reproductive System Diagram

  26. Endocrine Glands make and release chemical regulators into the blood: hormones to respond to changes inside & outside the body Body Systems Overview

  27. GLANDS Pituitary- controls all other glands Thyroid- regulates metabolism Thymus- fights infection Adrenals- fights body stress Islets of Langerhans- Produces insulin to control blood sugar levels Gonads/Testes- makes sex cells Endocrine System

  28. Muscular Allows body to move Muscles only contract (pull)- they don’t push Body Systems Overview

  29. Muscular System Diagram

  30. Types of muscles VOLUNTARY (skeletal) Can control them Are attached to bones Work in pairs Muscular System

  31. Types of muscles INVOLUNTARY (smooth) Can’t control them Found in blood vessels, organs, digestive tract Muscular System

  32. Types of muscles Cardiac (Heart) Smooth, Involuntary Muscular System

  33. Skeletal Protects organs, allows movement, makes cells Body Systems Overview

  34. Joints How do bones move? 3 type of joints Ball & Socket- allows twisting (hips) Hinge- move in one direction (elbow) Slightly moveable- limited movement (vertebra & ribs) Skeletal System

  35. Ball & Socket Joint

  36. Hinge Joint

  37. Bones Blood cells made in marrow- have calcium Skeletal System

  38. Cartilage Softer, flexible bone Skeletal System

  39. Ligaments Holds bone together at joints Skeletal System

  40. Tendons Cordlike tissue that attaches muscle to bone Skeletal System

  41. WEBSITES • Heart and Brain Virtual Body • My Body for Kids: Brain/Nervous System • My Body for Kids: Heart/Circulatory System • Yucky Body Facts • Interactive Body Review Games • Innerbody.com

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