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Understanding the Excretory System: Organs and Functions

The excretory system is essential for maintaining the body's waste balance. It includes key organs like the liver, which processes toxins and produces urea for kidney transport; the lungs, which expel carbon dioxide during exhale; and the kidneys, the main filtration organs that eliminate waste through urine. Each kidney contains about a million nephrons that filter blood, removing harmful substances while retaining essential ones. Maintaining kidney health is vital to prevent issues such as urinary tract infections and kidney stones.

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Understanding the Excretory System: Organs and Functions

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  1. The Body Systems The Excretory System

  2. Organs of Excretion • EXCRETION: the process by which the body collects and removes wastes • Liver • Converts impurities and poisons to less harmful substances • Forms urea to be transported safely to kidneys via the blood • Some things processed become a part of bile

  3. Organs of Excretion • Lungs and Skin • Lungs remove carbon dioxide (and some water) when you exhale • Sweat glands in skin • Secrete water and urea in perspiration

  4. Organs of Excretion • Kidneys • 2 – each the size of a fist • Filter urea and other wastes from blood • Wastes eliminated in urine • Main organs involved in water balance • Brain sends signals in the form of hormones to tell the kidneys to release more or less water • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4-15JUVxAm8

  5. Filtration of Wastes • Each kidney contains about 1 million NEPHRONS – remove waste, produce urine • 2 Stages: needed materials and wastes removed from blood; needed materials returned to blood

  6. Filtration of Wastes • Filtering Out Wastes • Blood enters kidneys, reaches GLOMERULUS - cluster of blood cells in a nephron • Everything filtered (urea, salts, glucose, water) and into capsule surrounding • Formation of Urine • Glucose and water filtered into blood • Other wastes stay in tube – fluid that remains is urine

  7. Keeping Healthy • Drink Water • Dilutes waste products • Treat Infections • Urinary Tract Infections (UTI’s) – bacterial • When bacteria from digestive system comes in contact with the urethra • Frequent, painful urination; blood in urine • Prompt treatment with antibiotics – prevent from spreading to kidneys

  8. Keeping Healthy • Preventing Kidney Stones • Pebble-like masses, most commonly calcium • VERY PAINFUL, but most usually will eventually pass • Drink plenty of water and low-sodium

  9. Keeping Healthy • Treating Kidney Failure • Damaged from injury, diabetes, high BP • Unable to remove wastes and excess fluids • DIALYSIS: Machine filters wastes from blood; tubes run from machine, to body, and back to machine where wastes are eliminated; 3 times a week for 3-5 hours

  10. Keeping Healthy • Treating Kidney Failure • Kidney Transplant • Damaged kidney replaced with a healthy kidney

  11. Crash Course

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