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Absolute monarchs in Europe

Absolute monarchs in Europe. Ch. 5. Learning targets. - Describe the ways monarchs take power -Explain the concept of divine right -Cite examples of absolute monarchies -Describe constitutional monarchies -Identify ways in which monarchs have power limited in a constitutional monarchy

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Absolute monarchs in Europe

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  1. Absolute monarchs in Europe Ch. 5

  2. Learning targets • -Describe the ways monarchs take power • -Explain the concept of divine right • -Cite examples of absolute monarchies • -Describe constitutional monarchies • -Identify ways in which monarchs have power limited in a constitutional monarchy • -Justify the need for constitutional monarchies over time • -Evaluate reasons that monarchs have been overthrown

  3. TERMs • Absolute Monarch • Constitutional Monarchy • Cabinet • Parliament • Divine Right

  4. Terms • -Absolute Monarch: A king or queen who has unlimited power and seeks to control all aspects of society • -Divine Right: The idea that monarchs are God’s representatives on earth and are therefore answerable only to God

  5. terms • Constitutional Monarchy: a system of governing in which the ruler’s power is limited by law • Cabinet: a group of advisers or ministers chosen by the head of a country to help make government decisions • Parliament: a legislative body in various countries

  6. Map of Europe

  7. Spain: phillip II • -1527-1598 • -Inherited Spain, the Spanish Netherlands and the American colonies from his father Charles V • -Very wealthy • -lived in luxurious palace called the Escorial • -Fierce defender of Catholicism • -fought Muslims of the Ottoman Empire • -fought Protestants of Europe

  8. El-Escorial

  9. France: Louis xiv • -1638-1715 • -Began his reign at age 14 and took control of government at 22 • -Tried to make France self-sufficient • -Spent a fortune surrounding himself with luxury • Called the “Sun King” • -lived in the luxurious palace of Versailles p. 166

  10. France cont’d • -Under Louis’ rule, France became the most powerful country in Europe • -However, news of the king’s death led to rejoicing throughout France • -The king had entered France into many costly wars • -The construction of Versailles helped send the country into debt

  11. Critical thinking • What are the benefits and drawbacks for society when a ruler monopolizes important decision-making? • Example P. 154

  12. Possible answers • Benefit: Consistent leadership is good for business • Drawback: Decision-making depends on the whims of a single person • Benefit: The people might gain protection • Drawback: people may be punished if their religion differs from the monarch • Benefit: The people may gain pride in their country

  13. Russia: How was it different from europe? • Religion: Russians were Eastern Orthodox whereas Europeans were Catholic or Protestant. • Geography: Russia was isolated from Western Europe • History: Russia was not involved in the Renaissance or the Age of Exploration • Result: Russians distrusted and avoided foreigners

  14. Russia: peter i • -1672-1725 • -Called “Peter the Great” because he was one of Russia’s greatest reformers • -More than 6 and a half feet tall • -Became sole leader of Russia at 24 • -Took a tour of Western Europe to learn about their customs and techniques • -Increased his own powers as ruler in order to force change and “westernization” • -Westernizing Russia p. 176

  15. England: james ii • -1633-1701 • -Unpopular in England due to his Catholicism • -Dissolved parliament when they objected to his appointment of Catholics to high office • -Overthrown by his Protestant daughter Mary and her husband William of Orange, a prince of the Netherlands • -This was called the Glorious Revolution

  16. England: William and Mary • -Vow to recognize Parliament as a partner in governing • -Switch from an absolute monarchy to a constitutional monarchy • -Draft a Bill of Rights to make clear limits on Royal Power p. 183 • -A Cabinet system develops and becomes the link between the monarchs and Parliament

  17. Critical Thinking • If you were William or Mary would you have been willing to accept limits placed on your power? Why or why not?

  18. Absolute monarchs: causes • -Loss of Church Authority • -Religious and territorial conflicts • -Buildup of armies • -Need for increased taxes • -Revolts by peasants and nobles

  19. Absolute monarchs: effects • -Regulation of religion and society • -Larger courts • -Huge building projects • -Loss of power by nobility and legislatures • -Revolution in France • -Western European influence on Russia • -English political reforms that influence U.S. democracy

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