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Chapter 11 Section 4

Chapter 11 Section 4. Wilson Fights for Peace. Wilson’s Fourteen Points. First Five: No secret treaties, Freedom of the seas, Low tariffs for free trade, Arms reduced, Consider people when colonizing.

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Chapter 11 Section 4

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  1. Chapter 11Section 4 Wilson Fights for Peace

  2. Wilson’s Fourteen Points • First Five: No secret treaties, Freedom of the seas, Low tariffs for free trade, Arms reduced, Consider people when colonizing. • Next Eight: Base country boundary lines along “historically established lines of nationality”. • Point 14: *League of Nations*, an international organization to address diplomatic crises. That way countries could discuss and solve problems before jumping straight to war.

  3. Big Four • Peace talks did not include Central Powers, now Communist Russia, and small Allied Nations. • Big Four: • France: Clemenceau, prevent German Invasions • Great Britain: Lloyd George, make Germany pay • Italy: Orlando, gain Austrian-held territory • United States: Wilson, Fourteen Points

  4. Treaty Provisions • June 28, 1919. • Created 9 new nations and redrew boundaries. • Lets winners take over Ottoman Empire as colonies until they are ready for self-rule. • Germany not allowed to maintain an army. • Germany must return Alsace-Lorraine to France. • Germany must pay war reparations of $33 billion to the Allies.

  5. Treaty Weaknesses • War-guilt clause: humiliate Germany by forcing them to accept full responsibility for starting the war. • War reparations: There is no way that Germany can pay back this huge debt. Their money-making colonies were taken away from them. • Russia: even though they were on the winning side for most of the war and suffered the most casualties they were not included in the peace talks and had more territory taken away than the loser: Germany.

  6. Opposition to Treaty • Too harsh • Too imperialistic • New boundaries don’t allow sufficient self-rule • League of Nations threatens isolationism and infringes on Congress’s right to declare war.

  7. Treaty Ratification? • Wilson speaks all over the country trying to get support for the treaty, but fails. It is voted on twice in the Senate and not ratified either time so U.S. eventually signs a separate treaty with Germany after Wilson is no longer president. • Also Congress refuses to allow Wilson to join the newly formed League of Nations because they do not want the League to shape our foreign policy.

  8. Legacy of the War • Accelerated social change for African Americans and women • Leftover resentment for immigrants in U.S. • Leftover political instability and violence in Europe • Leftover desire for vengeance in Germany.

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