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Chapter 15-Ragtime

Chapter 15-Ragtime. “Hello! My Baby” a representative example of a ragtime song. lyrics: invention of the telephone Most identifying feature of ragtime music, vocal or solo piano? the rhythm syncopated melody against a steady, marchlike bass in duple meter. Roots of Ragtime.

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Chapter 15-Ragtime

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  1. Chapter 15-Ragtime “Hello! My Baby” a representative example of a ragtime song. • lyrics: invention of the telephone Most identifying feature of ragtime music, vocal or solo piano? • the rhythm • syncopated melody against a steady, marchlike bass in duple meter

  2. Roots of Ragtime • Broad. Possible sources of the syncopated rhythm that is characteristic of ragtime music? • dance rhythms: • march or two-step • cakewalk • Caribbean and Latin American dance rhythms • danza • habanera • seguidilla • Creole songs from Louisiana

  3. Ragtime as Piano Music and the Work of Scott Joplin • World’s Columbian Exposition in Chicago in 1893 • gathering of ragtime pianists • Ragtime for the piano assumed what three forms? • piano renditions of ragtime songs • the “ragging” of unsyncopated music • original compositions for the piano

  4. Ragtime era - c.1893 to c.1920. • A rise in piano and player-piano sales paralleled this period. • Ragtime instruction books began to appear. • Ragtime instruction studios opened. • Ragtime sheet music was published. • Not New York-centered • “the golden age of local and regional music publishing.”

  5. Ensembles that began to play ragtime • Brass, concert, and dance bands such as that of John Philip Sousa began to perform arrangements of ragtime music.

  6. The Musical Characteristics of Ragtime • Ragtime Rhythm • Syncopation • “the displacing of accents from their normal position in the musical measure, so that they contradict the underlying meter”

  7. Ragtime Form • What is the form of both rag and march? • a succession of musically independent “strains” of uniform length (sixteen measures) • most of these “strains” or sections are repeated

  8. Scott Joplin’s “Maple Leaf Rag” • contrasting strains • syncopation against steady, accented notes

  9. Who was Scott Joplin? • (b. 1868 in Linden, Texas; d. 1917) • parents: laborers; former slaves • Scott played guitar, cornet, and piano. • c.1890 settled in St. Louis • 1893—performed at World’s Columbian Exhibition in Chicago • moved to Sedalia, Missouri • composed, played, published • stage works • The Ragtime Dance (pub. 1902) • A Guest of Honor (1903), lost • his first opera • Treemonisha (1907) • 1976—won Pulitzer Prize for musical composition

  10. Decline of Ragtime • By the mid-1910s, vocal ragtime merged with mainstream popular music. • Also, piano ragtime began to merge with jazz. • Jelly Roll Morton • (1890-1941) • born in New Orleans • pianist/bandleader • key figure in the transition from ragtime era to jazz

  11. Two Offshoots of Ragtime: Stride Piano and Novelty Piano • Stride piano • also known as “Harlem piano” • 1920s and 1930s • cultivated by James Price Johnson (1894-1955) and Fats Waller (1904-43) • virtuoso form, developed by pianists • musical style: • steady left-hand rhythmic pulse • like ragtime, but expanded to wide-reaching “strides” between low bass notes and midrange offbeat chords • syncopated right-hand figuration • often faster than ragtime • driving beat • very elaborate melodic line • James P. Johnson’s “If Dreams Come True” - example of stride piano. • quick, steady pulse • “strides” • elaborate, syncopated melody

  12. Where and when did jazz emerge? • wherever there was a sizable population of African Americans • in the early twentieth century • What are the forms of black (or black-derived) music that came before jazz? • minstrelsy • ragtime • blues

  13. Brass Bands • An exceptional number of black brass bands and dance orchestras were located in which American city? • New Orleans • What was the instrumentation of these bands? • ten or twelve pieces • trumpets or cornets • alto and baritone horns • trombones • tuba • clarinets • drums • What were some of the different functions for these bands and orchestras? • concerts • parades • dances (smaller groups)

  14. Parade music associated with funerals • marching to the graveyard • after the burial • march away to the beat of the snare drum only • burst into a ragtime number or a “ragged” version of a hymn or spiritual

  15. Examples of Parade Music • “Eternity” by the Eureka Brass Band in New Orleans, 1954. • representative of music for marching to the graveyard • slow, solemn march • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=krJW2qMVv4M&feature=related • “Just a Little While to Stay Here” by the Eureka Brass Band in 1954. • representative of music for marching away from the graveyard • upbeat, jazzy tune • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4BBO6chcIk0

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