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What is Development?

What is Development?. Francis Fukuyama Center for Democracy, Development, and the Rule of Law July 23, 2012. Dimensions of Development. Economic Growth. Source: Gregory Clarke, A Farewell to Alms (2007), p. 195. Source: Clarke (2007), p. 2. Dimensions of Development.

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What is Development?

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  1. What is Development? Francis Fukuyama Center for Democracy, Development, and the Rule of Law July 23, 2012

  2. Dimensions of Development Economic Growth

  3. Source: Gregory Clarke, A Farewell to Alms (2007), p. 195

  4. Source: Clarke (2007), p. 2

  5. Dimensions of Development “the division of labor is limited by the extent of the market” Economic Growth Social Mobilization

  6. Classic Social Theory • Adam Smith (1723-1790): “ The division of labor is limited by the extent of the market” • Henry Maine (1822-1888): Status to contract • Émile Durkheim (1858-1917): Mechanical to organic solidarity, anomie • Max Weber (1864-1920): Charismatic to bureaucratic/rational authority • Ferdinand Tönnies (1855-1936): Gemeinschaft to Gesellschaft

  7. Dimensions of Development “the division of labor is limited by the extent of the market” Economic Growth Social Mobilization Political Development State-building Rule of Law Accountability

  8. Dimensions of Development “the division of labor is limited by the extent of the market” Economic Growth Social Mobilization State-building Rule of Law Accountability

  9. Dimensions of Development Economic Growth Social Mobilization Ideas/Legitimacy State-building Rule of Law Accountability

  10. The Modern Development Paradigm Economic Growth Social Mobilization Legitimacy State-building Rule of Law Democracy

  11. South Korea, 1954-1999 2. Economic Growth Social Mobilization 5. Legitimacy 3. 6. 1. 4. 7. State-building Rule of Law Democracy

  12. The Huntington Paradigm of Political Decay Economic Growth Social Mobilization Legitimacy State-building Rule of Law Democracy = negative causal relationship

  13. Russia in the 1990s Economic Growth Social Mobilization Ideas/Legitimacy State-building Rule of Law Democracy

  14. Political Development Accountability State-building Rule of Law

  15. Democracy and Good Governance • Current orthodoxy • In democracies, the median voter will demand efficient services and punish corrupt officials • Problems with this theory • Voters may not have sufficient information • Voters may not be organized • Voters may be organized ethnically, religiously, or clientelistically • Clientelism as an early form of accountability • Populist opposition to elite bureaucracy

  16. Democracy and Rule of Law • In Europe, rule of law preceded not just democracy but also the modern state • Non-western RoL systems collapsed after contact with West • Zakaria argument that RoL should be sequenced before democracy • Cases in modern times virtually a null set • Singapore and Hong Kong as deviant examples • No constituency for RoL without democracy • Islamists a possible example • But can have democracy without RoL

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