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Genetic Technology and Society: Exploring the Impacts of Genetics in the Future

This document delves into the intersection of genetic technology and society, particularly through the lens of deCODE genetics in Iceland. It discusses key advancements in genetic research, including recombinant DNA technology, genetically modified organisms (GMO), and gene therapy for genetic disorders. A historical timeline outlines significant milestones in genetics, from Mendel’s early work to the discovery of DNA's double helix. The ethical implications of genetic data usage, privacy concerns, and the challenges of low genetic diversity in populations are also examined.

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Genetic Technology and Society: Exploring the Impacts of Genetics in the Future

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  1. VHS-Gattaca- theme of the future? DVD- Cracking the Code- DeCode and Iceland

  2. Introduction to GeneticsKlug 8th EditionPage 2 Interaction between Genetic Technology and SocietyA. Recombinat DNA technology-insulin page 552-553B. Genetically Modified Food and other organisms (GMO’s) page 550-551C. Gene Therapy-treating genetic disorders page 560-561

  3. Page 2 • Controversy in IcelandA. deCODE a biotechnology company may use health, genealogical, and genetic information of 270,000 residents.B. Why did deCODE choose Iceland?Low genetic diversity in the population

  4. Pros/Cons • Successes: ID of genes for various diseases • Problem: Privacy is in jeopardy

  5. Timeline • 1866 Mendel’s work is published • 1886 Advances in microscopes=chromosomes • 1880’s 1890’s Mitosis/meiosis • 1900 Correns confirms Mendel’s work • early1900’s Sutton and Boveri-Chromosome Theory of Inheritance • Early 1900’s Mutations discoveries led to gene mapping • 1920’s-1940’s Avery, McLeod, McCarty –DNA carries information • 1952-Watson and Crick-double helix

  6. MendelMendelianGenetics • Mendel is the starting point for Genetics (the study of heredity and variation) • 1860’s used garden peas • Identified patterns of inheritance • His work was ignored until Correns in 1900’s confirmed his work • Genes (units of inheritance)occur in pairs and control traits

  7. Mendel and Meiosis • Chromosome numbers in sexual reproduction • Diploid number (2n)- 46 for humans • Homologous chromosomes – one set from Mom and one set from Dad (23 each for humans) • Haploid number (n)- 23 for humans

  8. Genes + Chromosomes • Sutton and Boveri –Chromosome Theory of Inheritance = genes are carried on chromosomes • Fruity Fly studies led to discoveries: • Terms: Mutation (inherited change ingene) Allele (alternate forms of a gene) Phenotype (observable features of genes)

  9. DNA or Protein? • Until 1940’s proteins were thought to be the source of genetic material • Proteins are abundant in the cell and are diverse in structure and function BUT • Fruit Flies, bacteria, and viruses led to the discovery that DNA

  10. DNA + RNA • Alphabets (Genetic Code) • DNA is made of nucleotides (A,T, G, C) • RNA is made of nucleotides (A, U, G, C) • Watson and Crick-double helix with complimentary relationships • A-T(U) G-C • Transcription- DNA to RNA • Central Dogma • of Genetics • Translation- RNA to protein

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