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Drinking Water Quality and Water Treatment

Drinking Water Quality and Water Treatment. Water Quality Issues. Is the water we’re drinking safe? How is it treated to ensure safety? Can we swim and fish in our rivers? Safe Drinking Water Act , 1974 Clean Water Act , 1972. Both have been amended several times since!.

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Drinking Water Quality and Water Treatment

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  1. Drinking Water Quality and Water Treatment

  2. Water Quality Issues • Is the water we’re drinking safe? • How is it treated to ensure safety? • Can we swim and fish in our rivers? Safe Drinking Water Act, 1974 Clean Water Act, 1972 Both have been amended several times since! visit www.epa.gov/ogwdw

  3. Sometimes the goal isn’t practical Drinking Water Standards 5.10

  4. International Water Supplies WHO/UNICEF Joint Monitoring Programme for Water Supply and Sanitation http://www.wssinfo.org/en/22_wat_global_en.html#

  5. Water Supplies in Southcentral Asia Turkmenistan Afghanistan

  6. Sanitation in Southcentral Asia Source: http://www.wssinfo.org/en/335_san_asiaSC_en.html

  7. How is Drinking Water Treated to Make It Safe? • Disinfection technologies: • chlorination (Cl2, NaOCl, or Ca(OCl)2) • ozonation (O3) • UV radiation • Fluoridation – to prevent tooth decay

  8. Instrumentation and Measurement of Water Pollutants • Atomic absorption spectroscopy is commonly used to measure metals (e.g. lead) • Gas chromatography is commonly used to measure organic compounds (e.g. benzene)

  9. Gas Chromatograph

  10. Hard Water • contains dissolved minerals such as CaCO3 • Is hard water good or bad? • calcium is good for your bones, right? • causes deposits on pipes, industrial equipment • interferes with soaps

  11. Water Treatment Technologies • Water softening (by ion exchange) Na2Z (s) + Ca2+(aq)  CaZ (s) + 2 Na+(aq) sodium zeolite calcium zeolite • Distillation • Reverse Osmosis • Carbon Adsorption

  12. Distillation

  13. Reverse Osmosis Systems

  14. Carbon Adsorption

  15. Wastewater Treatment • Primary Treatment • Secondary Treatment • Tertiary Treatment

  16. Primary Treatment • Removes large objects from the water • Sticks • Tires • Trash • Screening • Primary Settling (physical)

  17. Secondary Treatment • Uses biologically activated organisms to consume nutrients and other organic constituents • Aerobic digestion • Uses organisms that thrive with oxygen • Produce CO2 • Anaerobic digestion • Uses organisms that thrive without oxygen • Produce CH4 • Final settling (physical)

  18. Tertiary Treatment • Whatever chemical treatment of remaining water is required • Usually includes disinfection (e.g. with chlorine) • Can include other chemical treatments depending on the sources of the wastewater

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