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The New Republic

The New Republic. Washington – Jefferson. Essential Standards:. In the beginning…. 1788 – Washington unanimously elected president. Two terms 1788-1797. VIDEO Washington inaugurated in Philadelphia, Penn. Capital moved to NYC [Center of $ and Trade] First Administration installed:

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The New Republic

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  1. The New Republic Washington – Jefferson

  2. Essential Standards:

  3. In the beginning… • 1788 – Washington unanimously elected president. Two terms 1788-1797. VIDEO • Washington inaugurated in Philadelphia, Penn. • Capital moved to NYC [Center of $ and Trade] • First Administration installed: • Judiciary Act of 1789 • John Jay, First Supreme Court Justice • 6 Fellow Judges • System of Federal Courts [13 for the 13 states]

  4. Presidential Cabinet

  5. Judiciary Act of 1789 • Established the Federal Court system • Made the Supreme Court the highest court in the U.S. • “Federal Law is Supreme” • President George Washington appointed John Jay the 1st Chief Justice

  6. John Jay • First Chief Justice(1789-95) • Federalist • Sent to England in 1794-5 and negotiated Jay’s Treaty • Resigned from the court in 1795 to become governor of New York

  7. Alexander Hamilton • Washington’s Treasury Secretary • Federalist Party • Wanted to build a financially strong and independent US, especially for US industry and business

  8. Thomas Jefferson • Washington’s Secretary of State • Democratic-Republican Party • Wanted to protect states’ rights, US-French relations • Resigned in 1793

  9. Henry Knox • Washington’s Secretary of War • Famous hero of the Revolutionary War • Ft. Knox (in Kentucky) is named after him: Forts are used in WAR • Died from swallowing a chicken bone

  10. Edmund Randolph • Washington’s Attorney General • Later became Secretary of State after Jefferson’s resignation, but had to resign himself in 1795 after a scandal where he had been providing insider advice to the French government on how to deal with Pres. Washington

  11. Issues to face… • National Debt = $52 Million • No Navy • No Army • British to the North • Spanish and Indians to the South and West

  12. Hamilton’s Plan of Action • Create a National Bank • National Debt- • Debt from AOC • Assume state debts • Combine and sell in the stock market… • Tariffs • Tax on imported goods • National Taxes • Reminiscent of British Taxes = No Bueno!

  13. Debating the issues of the plan • Video: Hamilton v. Jefferson • Whiskey Rebellion • Local tax on western Penn. distilleries. • Locals start uprisings and attacking tax collectors • Washington calls on Militia and they end the issues • Important why? • It set the tone that little rebellions would no longer be tolerated and would be dealt with severely. “These ‘Democratic Societies’ [are] attempting to destroy the best fabric of human government and happiness…” - George Washington

  14. Hamilton vs. Jefferson -Madison • The issue of Constitutional Interpretations • Loose Interpretation: • Implied Powers • General Welfare of all • Strict Interpretation: • Explicit Powers • Sectional & Marginal influence • A clear separation in ideals and platforms… • A compromise on the Capital’s location seals deal. • The Hamilton’s Plan Video

  15. Parties Emerge:

  16. Meanwhile… In the West… • Ohio Valley • Round One: Little Turtle vs. St. Clair 1791 • Washington sends General St. Clair… • Lost… badly. • Round Two: Battle of Fallen Timbers 1794 • Anthony Wayne vs. Indian Confederation • Wayne Wins • Treaty of Greenville • Opened Northwest Territory to peaceful settlement

  17. The French Revolution • July 14th, 1789 Revolution begins • Quickly turns violent and bloody • France turns to U.S. for aid by sending Edmond Genet. • Washington refuses because the Revolution is too violent and the US is not in a place financially or otherwise to get into War. • Video

  18. France vs. Britain: 1793 • Important because of the effects on US Citizens. • France • Set out to enlist soldiers against Washington's orders to stay out of the conflict. • England • Impressment: Boarding a ship and commanding those on board to serve in your army. • Jay’s Treaty: 1794 • England would release remaining American Forts • US would repay pre-war debts • British keep restrictions on US trade ships in the Atlantic

  19. The Spanish in America • Thomas Pinckney- Ambassador to Spain • Pinckney's Treaty 1795 • Allowed US access to Mississippi River for trading. • Unblocked barricades to New Orleans

  20. Washington walks away… • Precedents [President] • Neutrality in Foreign Affairs • 2-term Presidency • Use of Force To Enforce The Law (Whiskey Rebellion) • Calling the Cabinet to Offer Advice • How to address the President (he came up with the title President.) • First to be inaugurated “So help me God” • First to make inauguration speech

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