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Athletic Injuries ATC 222 Head, Face, Eyes, Ears, Nose, and Throat Chapter 22

Athletic Injuries ATC 222 Head, Face, Eyes, Ears, Nose, and Throat Chapter 22. Nervous System. Central Nervous System brain spinal cord Peripheral Nervous System. Brain Anatomy. Cerebrum Cerebellum Brain Stem Meninges Dura Mater Arachnoid Mater Pia Mater. Head Injuries.

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Athletic Injuries ATC 222 Head, Face, Eyes, Ears, Nose, and Throat Chapter 22

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  1. Athletic Injuries ATC 222Head, Face, Eyes, Ears, Nose, and ThroatChapter 22

  2. Nervous System • Central Nervous System • brain • spinal cord • Peripheral Nervous System

  3. Brain Anatomy • Cerebrum • Cerebellum • Brain Stem Meninges • Dura Mater • Arachnoid Mater • Pia Mater

  4. Head Injuries • Incidence of serious injury has decreased • neck injuries? • protective gear • Appr. 250,000 concussions/year • Focal vs. Diffuse Injuries

  5. Concussion • Definition • clinical syndrome characterized by immediate and transient impairment of normal neurological function • Grades • Return to Play Criteria • Post-concussion Syndrome • Second Impact Syndrome

  6. Evaluation Process • Primary Assessment? • ABC’s • Secondary Assessment • Mental Status • Cranial Nerve Exam • Motor System Exam • Proprioception, balance, and coordination

  7. Cranial Nerve Exam • Test for: • Vision • Tracking • Visual Fields • Pupil Reflex • Hearing • Swallowing • Shoulder Shrug • Facial Sensation • Facial Expression • Tongue Protrusion • Mastication

  8. Other Signs and Symptoms • headache • nausea, vomiting • seizures • unequal pupils • tinnitus • unusual drowsiness

  9. Treatment • Should be mostly symptomatic in nature • Recheck athlete on regular basis • Refer if in doubt or in more severe cases • Monitor throughout the night • No alcohol, aspirin, ibuprofen • No activity until asymptomatic • Refer if current s/s worsen or if new s/s appear over time

  10. Facial Injuries • Mandible Fracture • deformity • malocclusion • malalignment • bleeding around teeth/gums • lower lip anesthesia • pain with biting • Treatment

  11. Facial Injuries • Mandible Dislocation/Subluxation • commonly from lateral force • malalignment • malocclusion • open, locked jaw

  12. Dental Injuries • Types • fracture • dislocation/subluxation • Treatment • realign subluxation • replace/preserve dislocation or fracture • 30 minute survival rate

  13. Nasal Injuries • Fracture or Cartilage Separation • S/S • deformity • profuse bleeding • immediate swelling • crepitus • treatment • control hemorrhaging • referral • most return to activity in 3-4 days

  14. Nasal Injuries • Epistaxis (nosebleed) • sit upright • ice (nose and ipsilateral carotid) • direct pressure on nostril • cotton/gauze plug • refrain from nose blowing for 2 hours

  15. Ear Injuries • Hematoma Auris (cauliflower ear) • causes • S/S • swelling • redness, warmth • pain • treatment • ice • protection • aspirate

  16. Eye Injuries • Causes and Prevention • S/S or Serious Eye Injury • prolonged blurred vision • loss of part/all of visual field (detached retina?) • sharp, stabbing, throbbing pain • double vision • embedded object • blood in anterior chamber

  17. Treatment of Serious Eye Injury • immediate referral • cover both eyes with embedded object • ice only to surrounding tissue • no pressure applied to eyes

  18. Orbital Hematoma • “Black Eye” • Bleeding in orbit area and poss. Sclera • Rule out serious eye injury

  19. Foreign Body in Eye • Embedded? • Removal • Close eye • eye rinse • removal with gauze pad

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