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Composite Material with Structural and Power Storage Capabilities

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This document explores advancements in Electric Double Layer Capacitors (EDLCs) designed to combine structural integrity with energy storage. By utilizing solid polymer electrolytes and carbon fiber electrodes, these capacitors can be integrated into various applications, including vehicle bodies, aircraft skin, building walls, and electronic casings. Testing procedures outline the measurements for capacitance, leakage resistance, and mechanical properties. The research highlights future directions for enhancing specific capacitance and mechanical strength, demonstrating potential for efficient, multi-functional composite materials.

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Composite Material with Structural and Power Storage Capabilities

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  1. Composite Material with Structural and Power Storage Capabilities Chris Simpson

  2. Introduction • Capacitors – electricity storage devices that can charge and discharge instantaneously. Electrical circuit board with capacitors: Basic layout of dielectric capacitor: Photo courtesy of wikipedia.org Photo courtesy of circuitelectronics.info

  3. Capacitance Capacitance can be calculated by: 2 ways to increase capacitance: - minimizing the separation distance - maximizing the surface area  Permittivity C  Capacitance (Farads)  Electric constant  Current (Amps)  Surface area(m2) (  Rate of change in voltage (V/s)  Separation distance (m)

  4. Introduction Electric Double Layer Capacitors (EDLCs) - EDLCs use an electrolyte solution with a separator. - Solid Polymer Electrolyte (SPE) add structual integrity and allow ion conductivity for high capacitance

  5. Purpose Purpose: Develop EDLCs with structural emphasis Applications: Structurally integrated into: - the body of vehicles - the skin of aircrafts - the walls of buildings - the casings of electronics

  6. Application

  7. Composite EDLC Layout • Carbon fiber electrode • Lamina • Separator • Lamina • Solid Polymer Electrolyte (SPE) • Matrix • Copper current collectors

  8. Fabrication Picture frame mold layout Mold with finished capacitors Oven press

  9. Electrical Testing Measurement process – cyclic voltametry: - Induce a charge across capacitor - Measure capacitance, leakage resistance Capacitors are tested using a function generator and a digital multimeter (DMM). Measuring equipment

  10. Mechanical Testing Tension testing (ASTM 3039) Flexure Testing (ASTM 790) 3501 Celgard sample 2500 Grips

  11. Mechanical Testing Results Li salt concentration does not have a significant effect on strength. Flexural tests Tensile tests Composite super-capacitors have strength and stiffness of the same order of magnitude as standard composite materials.

  12. Future Work • Research more solid polymer electrolyte formulations to enhance specific capacitance as well as mechanical strength. • Experiment with other composite materials

  13. Conclusions • Capacitors with structural capability are feasible. • High energy density is achievable. • The structural properties of the capacitors are comparable with those of regular carbon fiber materials.

  14. Acknowledgements Thank you to: NASA/NAU Space Grant Dr. Barlow Kathleen Stigmon Dr. Ciocanel

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