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Part Three

Part Three. Population Structure and Characteristics. Part Outline. 8 The Age Transition 9 Population Aging 10 The Family and Household Transition 11 The Urban Transition. Chapter 8. The Age Transition. Chapter Outline. The Concepts of Age and Age Cohorts The Concepts of Sex and Gender

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Part Three

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  1. Part Three Population Structureand Characteristics

  2. Part Outline • 8 The Age Transition • 9 Population Aging • 10 The Family and Household Transition • 11 The Urban Transition

  3. Chapter 8 The Age Transition

  4. Chapter Outline • The Concepts of Age and Age Cohorts • The Concepts of Sex and Gender • Measuring the Dynamics of the Age Transition • The Age Transition • Age Transitions at Work

  5. Age and Age Cohorts • Society assigns social roles on the basis of age and gender. • Younger people are treated differently from older people. • Different kinds of behavior are expected of people as they move through different ages.

  6. Age Stratification Theory • Societies distribute resources unequally by age. • These resources include economic goods as well as social approval, acceptance, and respect. • Age strata, and the prestige and power associated with each, are influenced by the needs of society and by characteristics of people at each age.

  7. Aspects of Human Society that Vary by Age and Sex

  8. Aspects of Human Society that Vary by Age and Sex

  9. Aspects of Human Society that Vary by Age and Sex

  10. Aspects of Human Society that Vary by Age and Sex

  11. Lexis Diagram: Relationship between Cohorts and Period Data

  12. Age Cohorts and Age Strata Are Closely Intertwined

  13. Sex Ratios by Age in Selected Countries, 2004

  14. Dynamics of the Age Transition • A population with 35% or more of its people under age 15 is “young.” • A population with 12% or more of its people aged 65 or older is “old.” • As the proportion of young people increases relative to the total, the population “grows younger.” • An aging population is one in which the proportion of older people is increasing relative to the total.

  15. The Age Structure • There are three major ways to quantify the age structure: • Average age of a population • Dependency ratio • Growth rates by age

  16. Population Pyramids

  17. Changes in Number and Rate of Growth at Specific Ages

  18. Changes in Number and Rate of Growth at Specific Ages

  19. Changes in Number and Rate of Growth at Specific Ages

  20. Changes in Number and Rate of Growth at Specific Ages

  21. Stable and Stationary Populations • In a stable population neither the age-specific birth rates nor the age-specific death rates have changed for a long time. • A stable population could be growing at a constant rate or declining at a constant rate. • If a stable population is unchanging, we call it a stationary population.

  22. Global Distribution of Younger and Older Populations

  23. Age Structure of Immigrants to U.S., 2002

  24. Age Pyramids for U.S. With and Without International Migration

  25. Age Structure of U.S.

  26. Changing Age Structures in China, U.S. and Mexico

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