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Benefits of Geography on Early Indian Civilizations

Discover how geography influenced India's early civilizations through urban planning, trade, religious practices, and social structure. Explore the impact of the environment on the Indus River Valley civilizations and their societal achievements.

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Benefits of Geography on Early Indian Civilizations

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  1. Five Minute Writing Assignment • Using the map: • How do you think geography benefitted India’s early civilizations?

  2. Still Unit 2: “River Valley Civilizations”The Indus River Valley

  3. Identically planned cities and construction suggests : a strong unified government : Central control evidence of a religious – oligarchy (Theocracy) Political

  4. Economic • Evidence of trade over long distances • evidence of common currency and seals • Artifacts found show that Mesopotamia and Indus Valley traded for about 350 years

  5. Religious • Artifacts show links to modern Hindu Culture • Shiva- is a major Hindu god • Worshipped Cows

  6. What is a Citadel? The Citadel mound at Mohenjo-daro Stupa - A dome-shaped structure built as a center of citadel • Citadel Mound: consists of several large buildings and structures • The structure and organization suggest that this area may have been used for public gatherings, religious activities or important political/administrative activities.

  7. Social Social classes and structure was based on occupation: Example: Priests – Brahmins class • Civilization was generally stable and uniform • Same kinds of houses suggests little social differences • Toys were found for children – this shows prosperity since they can make things they do not NEED to survive

  8. Intellectual • Solved the problem of plumbing • Built extensive plumbing systems • Private bath and toilet for every house • Toilets made of brick with wooden seats • Pipes connected underground sewer system

  9. Achievements • Sophisticated city planning – very detailed and organized • Used a grid system • Citadel – a fortified area surrounded by a wall that protected the major buildings in the city • Public buildings, bath, granaries and religious quarters

  10. Harappa

  11. Mohenjo Daro

  12. Geography • Wall of Mountains- separated India from the rest of Asia • HinduKush ( mountain range that stretches between central Afghanistan and northern Pakistan.) • Himalaya (mountain range that stretches the north east border of India) • This created an Indian Sub-Continent • Monsoons – trade winds that brought rain in the summer and dry wind in the winter • Major Rivers- • Indus • Ganges

  13. Collapse of Harappan Civilization • By 1500 BCE, the Harappan civilization had disappeared • Still much to figure out---have not yet fully deciphered pictogram writings • Possible causes for disappearance? • Floods? • Invaders?

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