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World War I

World War I. Chapter 10. Crazy Absurd assignment. WWI in Pictures Groups of 3-4 Develop a Magazine with brief descriptions Mainly Pictures YES YOU MUST HAVE AN MLA WORKS CITED FOR ALL YOUR PICTURES Due 11/8 blue 11/9 gold. Bell-Ringer. Watch this first. Bellringer –Objectives

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World War I

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  1. World War I Chapter 10

  2. Crazy Absurd assignment • WWI in Pictures • Groups of 3-4 • Develop a Magazine with brief descriptions • Mainly Pictures • YES YOU MUST HAVE AN MLA WORKS CITED FOR ALL YOUR PICTURES • Due 11/8 blue 11/9 gold

  3. Bell-Ringer Watch this first • Bellringer –Objectives • Identify the causes of WWI • Describe the course and character of the war • Explain why the US entered the conflict on the side of the allies

  4. Nationalism & Competition • Why would nationalism affect the feelings of Americans at the beginning of World War I? Americans were from all over the world and would show allegiance to their home country.

  5. Nationalism & Competition • Many Europeans believed different ethnic groups should become a single group • Social Darwinism • Weakened old empires (Ottoman & Austria-Hungary) • Serbia challenged Austria-Hungary • Economy, industrial output, trade, and possessions measured the greatness Alsace-Lorraine

  6. Militarism Military strength 1914 Troops Warships Huge increase in arms and standing armies = ARMS RACE Machine guns, mobile artillery, tanks, planes, and subs

  7. Please see page 286 to get a grip on all the weapons and their force

  8. Alliances • Austrian-Hungarian Empire controlled several ethnic groups. • Serbian nationalists wanted to untie Serbs who lived in the Austrian-Hungarian Empire with Serbia. • This led to the assassination of the Archduke Franz Ferdinand.

  9. The Black Hand.. • The main objective of the Black Hand was the creation, by means of violence, of a Greater Serbia. • Its stated aim was: "To realize the national ideal, the unification of all Serbs. This organization prefers terrorist action to cultural activities; it will therefore remain secret."

  10. The spark that lit the fuse…. • The one event that started the Great War happened in the Balkans. • The Archduke Franz Ferdinand (Austria) was assassinated while visiting Serbia. • The Black Hand was responsible….

  11. The Assassin and the Archduke Gavrilo Princip

  12. Alliances – The Fighting BeginsGerman Kaiser William II assures Austria-Hungary they have their back • June 28Assassination at Sarajevo • July 28Austria-Hungary declared war on Serbia • July 30Russia began mobilization • 4. August 1Germany declared war on Russia

  13. Alliances • August 3Germany declared war on France • 6. August 3Great Britain declared war on Germany • August 6Russia and Austria/Hungary at war. • August 12Great Britain declared war on Austria/Hungary

  14. The Domino Effect

  15. Alliances Allied Powers Central Powers Great Britain Germany Austrian-Hungarian Empire France Russia Turkey Italy

  16. Kaiser William II “You will be home before the leaves have fallen from the trees!!”

  17. The Fighting Begins • After a fast start the Germans were within 30 miles of Paris France – The Capital • Britain and France stopped them near the Marne River • Germans kill thousands with artillery & machine guns • What to do? • Build Trenches… 1000s of miles of trenches • The Western Front would be where the war was won. • William II promised a quick victory – oops • Defensive weapons were better than the offensive ones • Offense was like the Chiefs (2009) futile • Led to a stalemate

  18. Trench Warfare Just in case

  19. Trench Warfare • Trench Foot • Rats • Lice • Poison gas • Snipers • In between – “No man’s Land” • Casualties • In one day Britain lost 60,000

  20. US Neutrality • Melting pot has divided loyalties • Most sided with Britain and France • German invasion of Belgium swayed most • Isolationists – none of our business • Interventionists – help the allies • Internationalists – work for world peace • American Businesses benefited from warring nations • Both sides

  21. PreparednessMovement Wilson prepares for War Advocates – former populists, Midwest progressives, & social reformers Women like Jane Austin were very active Congress made sure the public understood war was expensive. Wanted to place taxes on arms makers & increase income taxes to pay for preparation. Ties to Great Britain led to development of National Security League – promote patriotic education & national sentiment & service among people of the US. Setup training camps & expanded armed forces. Peace Movement

  22. Why the U.S. could not stay neutral • Sinking of the Lusitania • Germany promises not to do it again • The Zimmerman Note • The Russian Revolution • With no one to fight in the east, Germany can focus on the Western Front • The sinking of 3 Merchant Ships • After sinking a French ship, Germany sinks three ships related to US territory

  23. X Sussex Sunk: led to Sussex Pledge in March 1916. Germany promised not to sink anymore ships.

  24. ZIMMERMAN NOTE Berlin, January 19, 1917 On the first of Februarywe intend to begin unrestricted submarine warfare. In spite of this, it is our intention to endeavor to keep neutral the United States of America. If this attempt is not successful, we propose an alliance on the following basis with Mexico: That we shall make war together and together make peace. We shall give general financial support, and it is understood that Mexico is to reconquer the lost territory in New Mexico, Texas, and Arizona. The details are left to you for settlement.... You are instructed to inform the President of Mexico of the above in the greatest confidence as soon as it is certain that there will be an outbreak of war with

  25. ZIMMERMAN NOTE with the United States and suggest that the President of Mexico, on his own initiative, should communicate with Japan suggesting adherence at once to this plan; at the same time, offer to mediate between Germany and Japan. Please call to the attention of the President of Mexico that the employment of ruthless submarine warfare now promises to compel England to make peace in a few months. Zimmerman (Secretary of State)

  26. Qiukcly in yuor ntoes • Identify and explain the causes of WWI • Describe the course and character of the war • Explain why the US entered the conflict on the side of the allies

  27. Chapter 10 WWI Section 2

  28. Objectives • Analyze how the American government mobilized the public to support the war. • Describe the opposition to the war. • Outline significant social changes that occurred during the war.

  29. Back Home • America Mobilizes • Build an Army • Selective Service Act (9.6 million enlisted and assigned) • 24 million Entered only 2.8 actually drafted • War Economy • WIB – regulated all wartime industries (Bernard Baruch) • Economy Boomed (Why?) • Herbert Hoover – FDA – Meatless Wednesdays • Public Opinion • Committee on Public Information (CPI) – causes/nature • George Creel – sell the war to America (75 million + informative bytes to the American public

  30. How to mobilize? • Muh naaaa • Build and Army duh • Introducing George Creel

  31. What was the job of George Creel during the war? • His job was to sell America the war. • Creel tried to “whip” up support for Wilson’s ideas • Help US raise money to fight

  32. Opposition and it’s Consequences • Evading the draft • NAWSA • Espionage Act • CPI. No not CSI – CPI • Oh wait, there is sooooooooooo much more • WHAT!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

  33. Council of National Defense • War Industries Board • Bernard Baruch • Food Administration • Herbert Hoover • Fuel Administration • Daylight savings • War Labor Policies • Set wages, hours, & working conditions • National War Labor Board • William Howard Taft

  34. Changes to American Society • Women get their chance to show their metal • As things change, some things remain the same • Oh my migration patterns again (wink,wink). What were those Mexicans up to.

  35. American Society • Women gain new opportunities • “vital to the war effort” Men are gone who is going to do the work • African Americans • Great Migration – north – land of hope (CLE) • JOBS JOBS JOBS – Chicago Defender • Mexican Americans • South and West • JOBS JOBS JOBS • Barrios began popping up all over the California’s Imperial Valley

  36. Hrruy UP we aer amlost dnoe • List the reasoning behind the US entrance into WWI. • Explain the effect that the country’s entrance into WWI had on politics, the economy, and people’s attitudes at home.

  37. Next time • Read Chapter 10 section 3&4 • Chapter 9-10 test will be 11/8 (blue) 11/9 (gold) • WWI in Pictures

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