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Nouns 1

Nouns 1. Kinds of Nouns. A Noun is a word used as the name of a person, place or thing. Sallahudeen was a wise king. The noun Sallahudeen refers to a particular king, but the noun king can be applied to any other king as well as to Sallahudeen. Kinds of Nouns.

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Nouns 1

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  1. Nouns 1 Kinds of Nouns

  2. A Noun is a word used as the name of a person, place or thing. Sallahudeen was a wise king. The noun Sallahudeen refers to a particular king, but the noun king can be applied to any other king as well as to Sallahudeen.

  3. Kinds of Nouns We call Sallahudeen a Proper Noun, and a king a Common Noun. Mona is a Proper Noun, while girl is a Common Noun. Ali is a Proper Noun, While boy is a Common Noun.

  4. Cairo is a Proper Noun, While town is a Common Noun. Egypt is a Proper Noun, While country is a Common Noun.

  5. The word girl is a Common Noun because it is a name common to all girls, while Mona is a Proper Noun because it is the name of a particular girl

  6. Def._ A common Noun is a name given in common to every person or thing of the same class or kind. (Common here means shared by all).

  7. Def._ A Proper Noun is the name of some Particular person or place. (Proper means one’s own. Hence a Proper Name is a person’s own name)

  8. Note 1_ Proper Nouns are always written with a capital letter at the beginning. Note 2_ Proper Nouns are sometimes used as Common Nouns; as in: He is the Shakespeare (= the greatest dramatist) of his time.

  9. Common Nouns include what are called Collective Nouns and Abstract Nouns. A collective Noun is the name of a number (or collection) of persons or things taken together and spoken as one whole; as, Crowd, mob, team, flock, herd, army, fleet, jury, family, nation, parliament, committee.

  10. A fleet = a collection of ships or vessels. An army = a collection of soldiers. A crowd = a collection of people. The police dispersed the crowd. The French army was defeated in Waterloo. The herd of cattle is passing.

  11. An Abstract Noun is usually the name of a quality, action, or state considered a part from the object which belongs to; as,

  12. Quality_ Goodness, kindness, whiteness, darkness, hardness, brightness, honesty, wisdom, bravery. Action_ Laughter, theft, movement, judgment, hatred. State_ Childhood, boyhood, youth, slavery, sleep, sickness, death, poverty. The names of Arts and Science (e.g., grammar, music, chemistry etc.) are also Abstract Nouns.

  13. Abstract Nouns are formed_ • From adjectives; as, kindness from kind; honesty from honest. • From Verbs; as, Obedience from obey; growth from grow. • From Common Nouns; as, Childhood from child; slavery from slave.

  14. Exercise Point out the nouns in the following sentences, and say whether they are Common, Proper, Collective or Abstract: • The crowd was very big. • Always say the truth. • We all love honesty. • Our class consists of twenty pupils. • The elephant has great srtrength.

  15. 6. Solomon was famous for his wisdom. 7. Cleanliness is wonderful. 8. We saw a fleet of ships in the harbor. 9. The class is studying grammar. 10.The Nile overflows its banks every year.

  16. Answers • crowd: Collective • truth: Abstract • honesty: Abstract • class: Collective/ pupils: Common • elephant: Common/ strength: Abstract • Solomon: Proper/ wisdom: Abstract • Cleanliness: Abstract. • fleet: collective/ harbor: Common • class: collective/ grammar: Abstract • Nile: Proper/ bank, year: Common

  17. Regular and Irregular Plural Nouns

  18. song—songs The plural of most nouns is formed by adding final –s box—boxes Final -es is added to nouns that end in -sh, -ch, -s, -z, and - x

  19. baby—babies The plural of words that end in a consonant + -y is spelled -ie s

  20. memento— mementoes/mementos mosquito— mosquitoes /mosquitos tornado— tornadoes/tornados volcano— volcanoes/volcanos zero—zeroes/zeros Some nouns that end in -o add either -es or -s to form the plural (with -es being the more usual plural form).

  21. Some nouns have the same singular and plural form: e.g., One deer is ___ Two deer are ___

  22. Exercise 4.p.102 Write the plural form of each word in the correct column. Some forms have two possible spellings. Belief deer leaf photo tomato box fish life potato video chief hero loaf scarf wolf class kilo match sheep zoo cloud knife memo shelf

  23. Answers

  24. Exercise 5, p.103 Homework

  25. Answers of Exercise 5, p.103 3. men 4. attorneys 5. discoveries . . . laboratories 6. boxes . . . oxen 7. beaches . . . cliffs 8. pianos 9. phenomena 10. media

  26. Exercise 6, p.104 Change the nouns to plural as necessary. Do not change any other words. (1) Bacterium are the smallest living thing. They are simple organism that consist of one cell.

  27. Answer (1) (1) Bacteria are the smallest living things. They are simple organisms that consist of one cell.

  28. Exercise 6, p.104 (2) Bacterium exist almost everywhere. They are in the air, water, and soil as well as in the body of all living creature.

  29. Answer (2) (2) Bacteria exist almost everywhere. They are in the air, water, and soil, as well as in the bodies of all living creatures.

  30. Exercise 6, p.104 (3) There are thousand of kind of bacterium. Most of them are harmless to human being, but some cause diseases such as tuberculosis and pneumonia.

  31. Answer (3) (3) There are thousands of kinds of bacteria. Most of them are harmless to human beings, but some cause diseases such as tuberculosis and pneumonia.

  32. Exercise 6, p.104 (4) Virus are also microscopic organism, but virus live in the cell of other living thing. By themselves, they are lifeless particle that cannot reproduce, but inside a living cell they become active and can multiply hundred of time.

  33. Answer (4) (4) Viruses are also microscopic organisms, but viruses live in the cells of other living things. By themselves, they are lifeless particles that cannot reproduce, but inside a living cell they become active and can multiply hundreds of times.

  34. Exercise 6, p.104 (5) Virus cause many disease. They infect human being with such illness as influenza, the common cold, measles, and AIDS (Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome).

  35. Answer (5) (5) Viruses cause many diseases. They infect human beings with such illnesses as influenza, the common cold, measles, and AIDS (Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome).

  36. Exercise 6, p.104 (6) Virus are tiny. The virus that causes AIDS is 230 million times smaller than the period at the end of this sentence. Some viral infection are difficult or impossible to treat.

  37. Answer (6) (6) Viruses are tiny. The virus that causes AIDS is 230 million times smaller than the period at the end of this sentence. Some viral infections are difficult or impossible to treat.

  38. Possessive Nouns

  39. To show possession, add an apostrophe (’) and -s to a singular noun: The girl’s book is on the table. If a singular noun ends in -s, there are two possible forms: 1. Add an apostrophe and -s: Thomas’s book. 2. Add only an apostrophe: Thomas’ book.

  40. Add only an apostrophe to a plural noun that ends in -s: The girls’ books are on the table. Add an apostrophe and –s to plural nouns that do not end in -s: The men’s books are on the table.

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