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Understanding Atoms and the Periodic Table: Protons, Neutrons, and Beyond

This educational lecture delves into the fundamental aspects of atoms and the periodic table. It covers the differences between protons, neutrons, and electrons, and explains the three classes of elements: metals, nonmetals, and metalloids. The structure of the periodic table, including groups and periods, is analyzed, alongside the significance of atomic numbers and atomic masses. Special attention is given to various groups such as alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, transition metals, and noble gases, providing a comprehensive overview of elemental classification.

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Understanding Atoms and the Periodic Table: Protons, Neutrons, and Beyond

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Presentation Transcript

  1. Bell Work • What is the difference between protons, neutrons, and electrons? • What are the three classes of elements?

  2. Physical Science – Lecture 32 Introduction to Periodic Table

  3. Review from Yesterday • What are atoms? • What are the three subatomic particles? • What are elements? • What are the main parts of a periodic square? • What is the difference between atomic numbers and atomic masses?

  4. Atom

  5. Periodic Law • Law that states that the physical and chemical properties of elements are periodic functions of their atomic numbers.

  6. Labeling the Periodic Table • Groups are numbered 1-18 • Periods are numbered 1-7

  7. Groups and Families • Columns of elements in the periodic table

  8. Periods • Horizontal row of elements in the periodic table.

  9. Groups on the Table • Elements arranged in order of increasing atomic number. • Breaks in the table are assigned to help line up elements in a certain way (periodic law).

  10. Alkali Metals • Group 1; has 1 valence electron.

  11. Alkali Metals – Group 1A

  12. Alkaline earth metal • Group 2; has 2 valence electrons.

  13. Alkali Earth Metals – Group 2A

  14. Transition metal – elements in the middle of the table that have properties of metals but do not belong to a specific group.

  15. Transition Metals

  16. Boron family • Group 13; has 3 valence electrons.

  17. Carbon family • Group 14; has 4 valence electrons.

  18. Nitrogen family • Group 15; has 5 valence electrons.

  19. Oxygen family • Group 16; has 6 valence electrons.

  20. Halogen family • Group 17; has 7 valence electrons; most reactive of all groups.

  21. Halogens – Group 7A (17)

  22. Noble (inert) gas • Group 18; has 8 valence electrons; generally non-reactive elements.

  23. Nobel Gases – Group 8A (18)

  24. Rare-earth element • General term for any element in the lanthanide or actinide series.

  25. Lanthanoid (lanthanide) series • first row of rare-earth elements.

  26. Lanthanide Series

  27. Actinoid (actinide) series • second row of the rare-earth elements.

  28. Actinide Series

  29. Pop Quiz • Remember to put the NAME, DATE, and PERIOD in the upper right hand corner if you do not want 5 points taken off.

  30. Label the Diagram 1 2 3 4

  31. Label the Diagram 5 6 7 8

  32. Question 9 • What is the difference between groups/families and periods on the periodic table?

  33. Question 10 • What is the difference between atomic numbers and atomic masses? Be as specific as possible.

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