1 / 29

Understanding Bronchodilators and Antihistamines: Mechanisms and Nursing Considerations

This lecture by Pat Woodbery, ARNP, explores the role of bronchodilating drugs in managing respiratory disorders, detailing various types, including adrenergics, anticholinergics, anti-inflammatories, leukotriene inhibitors, and mast cell stabilizers. It explains how these medications relieve bronchoconstriction and highlights key drugs like Albuterol and Ipratropium. The session also covers antihistamines and their action against histamine-related conditions. Critical nursing actions, patient education, and drug interactions are addressed to enhance care for patients with respiratory conditions.

verity
Télécharger la présentation

Understanding Bronchodilators and Antihistamines: Mechanisms and Nursing Considerations

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Bronchodilating Drugs Pat Woodbery, ARNP, CS Professor of Nursing

  2. How Do These Drugs Work? • Relieve Bronchoconstriction

  3. Types of Bronchodilators • Adrenergics • Anticholinergic • Anti-inflammatory • Leukotriene Inhibitor • Mast Cell Stabilizer

  4. AdrenergicsAlbuterol (Proventil) • Stimulate Beta 2 Receptors in the bronchi and bronchioles

  5. AnticholinergicIpratropium bromide (Atrovent) • Block the Action of Acetylcholine in bronchial smooth muscle

  6. Anti-inflammatoryBeclomethasone (Vanceril) • Suppress inflammation in the airways

  7. Leukotriene InhibitorsZafirlukast (Accolate) • Decrease mucus secretion and mucus production

  8. Mast Cell StabilizerCromolyn (Intal) • Prevents the release of bronchoconstrictive and inflammatory substances

  9. XanthinesTheophylline (Theo-Dur) • Multi-Action: Not used often

  10. Patient Teaching • Chronic Illness • Inhaled bronchodilators work fast, others work slow! • Take bronchodilators FIRST!

  11. Nursing Actions • Respiratory Rate and Character • Respiratory Improvement or Distress • Therapeutic Levels of Theophylline • Adverse Effects

  12. Antihistamines Lecture by Pat Woodbery ARNP, CS

  13. Antihistamines Antagonize the Action of Histamine • Histamine found in tissues exposed to environment(eyes, nose, lungs, GI) • Histamine mainly found in Mast Cell • Histamine found in Basophils (RBC)

  14. Histamine Causes: Stimulation of H1 Receptors • Contraction of smooth muscle= Wheeze • Stimulation of Vagus = Cough • Permeability veins = Edema • Vasodilation = Flushing • secretions = Mucous • Stimulation of nerve endings = Pruritus

  15. Histamine Causes: Stimulation of H2 Receptors • Gastric Acid and Pepsin = Abdominal Pain • Rate & Force of Myocardial Contraction = Tachycardia • Vasodilation = Hypotension, Flushing, HA

  16. Allergic Rhinitis Allergic Bronchitis Allergic Conjunctivitis Allergic Dermatitis Anaphylaxis When Histamine is Stimulated How Does the Client Look?

  17. Prototype Drugs Diphenhydramine (Benedryl)

  18. Nursing Assessment • Why is the client getting this drug? • Is there any reason the client should not get an Antihistamine? • Pregnancy, glaucoma, ulcer, medication interaction, allergy??? • Drowsiness ? • Dry secretions ? ( Think of Asthma) • Alcohol ?

  19. Special Considerations • Prevention of Allergic Reaction is the Best Care • Paradoxical Excitement May Occur • Use in Elder May Cause Confusion • Consider Side Effects: Dryness, Drowsiness

  20. The END

  21. Nasal Decongestant, Antitussive, Expectorant, MucolyticLecture by Pat Woodbery,MSN ARNP, CS

  22. Drugs for Respiratory DisordersAdrenergic Agents • Sympathomimetic Drugs • Relieve Nasal Obstruction by constricting arterioles and blood flow • Treatment of rhinitis

  23. Prototype DrugsNasal Decongestants • Pseudoephridine (Sudafed)

  24. Antitussive Drugs • Suppress the cough center in the Medulla • Suppress the cough receptors in the throat, lungs • Narcotic, nonnarcotic • Local anesthetics • Lozengers

  25. Prototype DrugsAntitussive • Codeine • Dextromethorphan (Benylin DM)

  26. Expectorants • Prototype Drug: Guaifenesin (Robitussin) • Liquefy Respiratory Secretions

  27. Mucolytic Drugs • Prototype Drug: Acetylcysteine (Mucomyst) • Inhalant • Liquefy mucous • Effective within 1 minute peaks in 5-10 minutes • Used for Tylenol overdose... given orally

  28. Nursing Interventions • Relieve Symptoms…NOT a cure • Nose drops for no more then 7 days • Read the labels carefully • Note if syrups……remember sugar! • Report palpitations, dizziness, drowsiness

  29. Summary • Side effects: tachycardia, arrhythmias, hypertension (adrenergic effects) • Rebound nasal congestion • Many drugs alter the effects of OTC cold remedies……BE CAREFUL…..HTN, Arrhythmias!

More Related