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Galileo, Brahe, and Kepler

Galileo Galilei (1564-1642). Galileo tried something new ? doing experiments!Dropping balls to measure gravityRolling balls to examine inertiaObserving the sky through a telescope!Newton: ?If I have seen a little further it is by standing on the shoulders of Giants.". What Galileo Saw. An imperfect Sun (sunspots).

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Galileo, Brahe, and Kepler

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    2. Galileo Galilei (1564-1642) Galileo tried something new doing experiments! Dropping balls to measure gravity Rolling balls to examine inertia Observing the sky through a telescope! Newton: If I have seen a little further it is by standing on the shoulders of Giants.

    3. What Galileo Saw An imperfect Sun (sunspots)

    4. What Galileo Saw An imperfect Sun (sunspots) A Moon with mountains and craters

    5. What Galileo Saw An imperfect Sun (sunspots) A Moon with mountains and craters The ears of Saturn

    6. What Galileo Saw An imperfect Sun (sunspots) A Moon with mountains and craters The ears of Saturn Four moons orbiting Jupiter

    7. What Galileo Saw An imperfect Sun (sunspots) A Moon with mountains and craters The ears of Saturn Four moons orbiting Jupiter The phases of Venus

    8. Tycho Brahe (15461601) Tycho Brahe (without a telescope) made extremely accurate measurements of the positions of the stars and planets over the course of 20 years.

    9. Tycho Brahes Model Earth at the center of the Universe (because parallax is not seen) The Sun travels about the Earth in a perfect circle The planets move around the Sun in perfect circles

    10. Keplers Analysis By working for Tycho Brahe (and stealing his data), Johannes Kepler (15711630) had access to the most precise data on planetary positions in history. He fit the data in every way imaginable by hand with pen and paper. He failed in every conceivable way until he tried elliptical orbits (for the second time)

    11. Keplers Laws Keplers Laws Planets move in ellipses with the Sun at one focus

    12. Keplers Laws Keplers Laws Planets move in ellipses with the Sun at one focus Planets in their orbits sweep out equal areas in equal times

    13. Keplers Laws Keplers Laws Planets move in ellipses with the Sun at one focus Planets in their orbits sweep out equal areas in equal times

    14. Keplers Laws

    15. Keplers Third Law

    16. Keplers Laws Planet A is more massive than Planet B. Which of the 2 planets will move around the star in the shortest time? Why? If A and B switch positions, would you change your answer to #1? Explain why or why not. Would the orbital period of A increase, decrease, or stay the same if it moved away from the star? Why? If As orbit currently lasts one year, and it is moved to a new orbit at twice its current distance from the star, how long would its new orbit take?

    17. Summary Galileo: Father of experimental science Tests of inertia and acceleration Observed the sky with telescope: Heavens not perfect Fought for acceptance of heliocentric Solar System Tycho Brahe Recorded precise naked-eye positions of planets Hired Kepler to fit data with his quasi-geocentric model Kepler Discovered three mathematical laws describing the motions of the planets to very high precision first improvement in planetary prediction since Ptolemy Could not explain or justify his laws on physical grounds

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