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Understanding Diabetes: A Closer Look

Get insights into diabetes - its types, causes, and effects on the body. Learn about insulin, risk factors, and the impact of obesity on diabetes prevalence. Stay informed to manage and prevent this condition.

vernon-wiggins
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Understanding Diabetes: A Closer Look

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  1. …a closer look

  2. We have all heard of it… • Diabetes currently affects about 20.8 million children and adults in the United States. • Diabetes kills more than 60,000 Americans each year. So, what is it?

  3. What is Diabetes? • Diabetes is a disease in which the body does not produce or properly use insulin.

  4. glucose insulin glucose http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/imagepages/8883.htm What is Insulin? • Insulin is a hormone produced by the pancreas. • After you eat your blood sugar goes up in the blood. • Normally, your body will release insulin after you eat (in response to the increase in blood sugar). • Insulin helps your cells take in the glucose and use it as fuel. • It also is a signal telling the cell to change extra glucose into glycogen (which a way for liver and muscle cells to store this extra sugar for later). then cell Use for fuel Store as glycogen

  5. The Two Types of Diabetes: • Type 1: known as juvenile or insulin dependent diabetes • It is most often acquired during childhood • Type 2: referred to as adult or non-insulin dependent diabetes • It usually effects adults. • However, adults can develop type 1 diabetes and young people may develop type 2 diabetes.

  6. So what happens in diabetes? • Type 1 diabetes– the body does not make enough insulin (or ANY) • So, the cells cannot take up the glucose. • Treatment with insulin (by taking shots at certain times in the day) can solve the problem.

  7. So what happens in Diabetes? • Type 2 diabetes– the body can make insulin, but the cells cannot recognize it • So, glucose cannot enter the cells. • Treatment with insulin does NOT usually solve the problem.

  8. What Causes Diabetes? • Type 1 • Genetics (family history) • Triggered by certain viral infections

  9. What Causes Diabetes? • Type 2--the body develops a resistance to insulin • Often associated with obesity (especially increased abdominal fat) • Statistic: over half of type 2 diabetes patients are obese and have an excess of fat around their midsection. • Recently this type of diabetes is affecting more children and adolescents due to the increased prevalence of childhood obesity.

  10. No Data <10% 10%–14% Obesity Trends* Among U.S. AdultsBRFSS, 1985 (*BMI ≥30, or ~ 30 lbs. overweight for 5’ 4” person)

  11. No Data <10% 10%–14% Obesity Trends* Among U.S. AdultsBRFSS, 1986 (*BMI ≥30, or ~ 30 lbs. overweight for 5’ 4” person)

  12. No Data <10% 10%–14% Obesity Trends* Among U.S. AdultsBRFSS, 1987 (*BMI ≥30, or ~ 30 lbs. overweight for 5’ 4” person)

  13. No Data <10% 10%–14% Obesity Trends* Among U.S. AdultsBRFSS, 1988 (*BMI ≥30, or ~ 30 lbs. overweight for 5’ 4” person)

  14. No Data <10% 10%–14% Obesity Trends* Among U.S. AdultsBRFSS, 1989 (*BMI ≥30, or ~ 30 lbs. overweight for 5’ 4” person)

  15. No Data <10% 10%–14% Obesity Trends* Among U.S. AdultsBRFSS, 1990 (*BMI ≥30, or ~ 30 lbs. overweight for 5’ 4” person)

  16. No Data <10% 10%–14% 15%–19% Obesity Trends* Among U.S. AdultsBRFSS, 1991 (*BMI ≥30, or ~ 30 lbs. overweight for 5’ 4” person)

  17. No Data <10% 10%–14% 15%–19% Obesity Trends* Among U.S. AdultsBRFSS, 1992 (*BMI ≥30, or ~ 30 lbs. overweight for 5’ 4” person)

  18. No Data <10% 10%–14% 15%–19% Obesity Trends* Among U.S. AdultsBRFSS, 1993 (*BMI ≥30, or ~ 30 lbs. overweight for 5’ 4” person)

  19. No Data <10% 10%–14% 15%–19% Obesity Trends* Among U.S. AdultsBRFSS, 1994 (*BMI ≥30, or ~ 30 lbs. overweight for 5’ 4” person)

  20. No Data <10% 10%–14% 15%–19% Obesity Trends* Among U.S. AdultsBRFSS, 1995 (*BMI ≥30, or ~ 30 lbs. overweight for 5’ 4” person)

  21. No Data <10% 10%–14% 15%–19% Obesity Trends* Among U.S. AdultsBRFSS, 1996 (*BMI ≥30, or ~ 30 lbs. overweight for 5’ 4” person)

  22. Obesity Trends* Among U.S. AdultsBRFSS, 1997 (*BMI ≥30, or ~ 30 lbs. overweight for 5’ 4” person) No Data <10% 10%–14% 15%–19% ≥20%

  23. No Data <10% 10%–14% 15%–19% ≥20% Obesity Trends* Among U.S. AdultsBRFSS, 1998 (*BMI ≥30, or ~ 30 lbs. overweight for 5’ 4” person)

  24. No Data <10% 10%–14% 15%–19% ≥20% Obesity Trends* Among U.S. AdultsBRFSS, 1999 (*BMI ≥30, or ~ 30 lbs. overweight for 5’ 4” person)

  25. No Data <10% 10%–14% 15%–19% ≥20% Obesity Trends* Among U.S. AdultsBRFSS, 2000 (*BMI ≥30, or ~ 30 lbs. overweight for 5’ 4” person)

  26. Obesity Trends* Among U.S. AdultsBRFSS, 2001 (*BMI ≥30, or ~ 30 lbs. overweight for 5’ 4” person) No Data <10% 10%–14% 15%–19% 20%–24% ≥25%

  27. Obesity Trends* Among U.S. AdultsBRFSS, 2002 (*BMI ≥30, or ~ 30 lbs. overweight for 5’ 4” person) No Data <10% 10%–14% 15%–19% 20%–24% ≥25%

  28. Obesity Trends* Among U.S. AdultsBRFSS, 2003 (*BMI ≥30, or ~ 30 lbs. overweight for 5’ 4” person) No Data <10% 10%–14% 15%–19% 20%–24% ≥25%

  29. Obesity Trends* Among U.S. AdultsBRFSS, 2004 (*BMI ≥30, or ~ 30 lbs. overweight for 5’ 4” person) No Data <10% 10%–14% 15%–19% 20%–24% ≥25%

  30. Obesity Trends* Among U.S. AdultsBRFSS, 2005 (*BMI ≥30, or ~ 30 lbs. overweight for 5’ 4” person) No Data <10% 10%–14% 15%–19% 20%–24% 25%–29% ≥30%

  31. Obesity Trends* Among U.S. AdultsBRFSS, 2006 (*BMI ≥30, or ~ 30 lbs. overweight for 5’ 4” person) No Data <10% 10%–14% 15%–19% 20%–24% 25%–29% ≥30%

  32. Obesity Trends* Among U.S. AdultsBRFSS, 2007 (*BMI ≥30, or ~ 30 lbs. overweight for 5’ 4” person) No Data <10% 10%–14% 15%–19% 20%–24% 25%–29% ≥30%

  33. Review--Type 1 • Onset can occur from early childhood to adulthood. • The pancreas may go through a slow reduction until insulin production is shut down. • Without insulin, glucose builds up in the blood (Remember: insulin told cells to take up glucose). Insulin http://www.clarian.org/ADAM/doc/graphics/images/en/19200.jpg

  34. Review--Type 2 • Cells becoming insensitive to glucose. The body tries to compensate by increasing insulin output. I don’t know who you are cell Insulin Insulin Insulin Insulin • The insulin overdrive causes the pancreas to slowly lose its ability to produce insulin.

  35. Symptoms http://www.diabetesandrelatedhealthissues.com/images/diabetes_symptoms.gif

  36. Protect Yourself Most people can prevent diabetes! The earlier you start trying to prevent it the more likely you are to succeed. Keep a healthy weight Exercise regularly and eat the right foods in the right quantities.

  37. References • http://www.diabetes.org/ • http://www.cdc.gov/diabetes/faq/basics.htm • http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/blood-sugar/MM00641 • http://www.utsa.edu/today/images/graphics/diabetes.jpg • http://www.diabetes.org/home.jsp • http://www.goldshieldelite.com/downloads/ObesityTrends2.pps

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