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Early Greek Civilization

Early Greek Civilization. Chapter 5 Sections 1 & 2. Minoan Civilization. (2000 BC – 1400 BC) Centered on the Isle of Crete Great trading power Eventually grew weak and were invaded by people from the Greek Mainland. Mycenaean Civilization.

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Early Greek Civilization

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  1. Early Greek Civilization Chapter 5 Sections 1 & 2

  2. Minoan Civilization • (2000 BC – 1400 BC) • Centered on the Isle of Crete • Great trading power • Eventually grew weak and were invaded by people from the Greek Mainland

  3. Mycenaean Civilization • Indo-Europeans invaded Greek Peninsula from the north • By 1400 BC had taken over Minoan Civ. • Great sea traders • Learned writing & other skills from the Minoans and other groups that they traded with • They passed on these influences to later Greeks

  4. Trojan War • In 1250 BC Mycenaeans attacked Troy • 10 yrs- Mycenaeans won & burned City of Troy to the ground • The Illiad & The Odyssey- epic poems by Homer • tell the story of the Trojan War

  5. The Dark Age(1100 BC – 800 BC) • After the fall of Troy, Dorian invaders swarm into Greece • They had the advantage of iron weapons • Trade declines • People leave cities • Most artistic skills and writing were mostly forgotten • No written records exist for 1150bc to 750bc from this area

  6. Growth of City-States • Physical barriers- Mountains and Water • Cities were independent from each other- no empire • Rivalry developed- led to many wars • Seas were vital link to the outside world • Great traders and sailors • Exchange of goods and ideas (Alphabet) • Governing City-States (chart pg 128) • Monarchy- King • Aristocracy- power shifting to landowners • Oligarchy- power shifting to a business class

  7. Powerful City-States • Two most powerful were Athens and Sparta • Athens: • Developed a Direct Democracy • Valued arts, literature, intellectual pursuits • Believed in training and developing the body • Women- few rights • Sparta: • Developed a military state • Valued duty, strength, and discipline • Taught youth to put service to Sparta above all else • Women- had considerable freedom

  8. Persian Wars • Ionian Greeks rebelled against Persians (Darius I) • Battle of Marathon 490bc • Athenians win (Themistocles- leader) • Renewed Attacks- 480bc- by Xerxes (Darius son) • Athens and Sparta were defeated by the Persians • Persians burn Athens • Athenians now destroy the Persian navy- then defeat Persians on land in Asia Minor- end of Persian invasions • Results • Increased Greek sense of uniqueness • Athens emerges as most powerful city-state in Greece • Delian League formed

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