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Understanding Cell Division, Chromosomes, and Meiosis in Eukaryotes

This overview covers essential concepts in cell reproduction, focusing on chromosomes and their structure during cell division. It explains how DNA condenses to form chromosomes in eukaryotic cells, the role of histones and non-histone proteins, and the significance of various chromosome types such as autosomes and sex chromosomes. It also details the processes of mitosis and meiosis, including the formation of gametes and the implications of genetic variation through independent assortment and crossing over.

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Understanding Cell Division, Chromosomes, and Meiosis in Eukaryotes

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  1. Cell Reproduction 8.1 Chromosomes 8.2 Cell Division 8.3 Meiosis

  2. Chromosome Structure • During cell division DNA condenses to form chromosomes. • Eukaryotic cells DNA wraps around histones • Activity of specifc regions controlled by nonhistone proteins

  3. Chromatid • Centromere • Tetrad

  4. Chromatid • Centromere

  5. Chromosomes Numbers • Sex chromosomes • Autosomes • Homologous chromosomes • Karyotype • Diploid cells • Body cells • Haploid cells • Sex cells (gametes)_ Click

  6. Cell Division Prokaryotes • Binary Fission

  7. Eukaryotes • Mitosis

  8. The cell cycle • Interphase • Mitosis • Cytokinesis

  9. During cell reproduction:

  10. Cytokinesis in Plant Cells

  11. Meiosis • Produces 4 haploid gametes • Egg (n) • Sperm (n) • Fusion of egg & sperm results in zygote (2n)_

  12. Meiosis I • Synapsis occurs forming a tetrad • Prophase I, crossing over can occur. • genetic recombination. • Independent assortment • genetic variation.

  13. Meiosis II Results in 4 new cells, each with single set (n) of chromosomes.

  14. Formation of Gametes • In reproductive organs • Testes • Ovaries • Spermatogenesis • Spermatids • Oogenesis • 1 egg cell • 3 polar bodies

  15. The cell cycle • Interphase • Mitosis • Cytokinesis

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