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Understanding Organic Molecules: Properties and Functions

Explore the fundamentals of organic compounds, functional groups, and biologically important molecules like carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins. Learn about the structure, properties, and examples of different organic compounds.

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Understanding Organic Molecules: Properties and Functions

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  1. ASSESSMENT SCHEDULE • P. 8!! and P.16!! • ASSIGNMENT 1: Organic compounds P.16 - 19 • 15 FEB 2012 • Written report assessed! • PLAGIARISM DECLARATION P. 9!! • Always hand in with assignments!!

  2. UNIT 1: ORGANIC COMPOUNDS P. 37(TEXTBOOK) CARBOHYDRATES LIPIDS PROTEINS

  3. What is a ORGANIC MOLECULE?

  4. PROPERTIES OF ORGANIC COMPOUNDS • Always contain carbon and hydrogen • Living organisms • Covalent bonds • Large molecules

  5. BIOLOGICALLY IMPORTANT FUNCTIONAL GROUPS What is a functional group?

  6. BIOL. IMPORTANT FUNCTIONAL GROUPS AND THE COMPOUNDS THEY FORM • HYDROXYL - Alcohol • CARBONYL – Aldehyde and ketones • CARBOXYL – Carboxylic acid • AMINO - Amine • SULFHYDRYL - Thiol • PHOSPHATE – Organic phospates

  7. CARBOHYDRATES

  8. PROPERTIES OF CARBOHYDRATES • C : H : O – 1 : 2 : 1 • MonomeresMonosaccharides (single sugars) – 1 • Disaccharides – (double sugars) - 2 • Polysaccharides – (chains of sugars)-many

  9. Monosaccharides • E.g. Glucose, Fructose and Galactose • What is an Isomers? • Function of monosaccharides?

  10. GLUCOSE • Hexose sugar – 6 C atoms • C6H12O6 • Structure:

  11. PENTOSE SUGARS • 5 C – atoms • E.g. deoxyribose sugar and ribose suger • Part of RNA and DNA

  12. DISACCHARIDES

  13. EXAMPLES OF DISACCHARIDES • Maltose = ? + ? • FUNCTION : Maltose ? • Sucrose = ? + ? • FUNCTION: Sucrose • Lactose = ? + ? • FUNCTION: Lactose

  14. POLYSACCHARIDES • Large consist of several monosaccharides

  15. POLYSACCHARIDES • Starch • Glycogen • Cellulose • Chitin

  16. NEXT LECTURE • FRIDAY – OFFICIAL UJ WELCOMING • NO LECTURES!!!! • MONDAY – 7 FEBRUARY 2011 • 11H50 – 13H35 • D les 306 • UNIT 1 Continues with: • LIPIDS AND PROTEINS P. 44

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