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CELLS AND THEIR FUNCTIONS

CELLS AND THEIR FUNCTIONS. “I CAN’T IMAGINE A PERSON BECOMING A SUCCESS WHO DOESN’T GIVE THIS GAME OF LIFE EVERYTHING HE’S GOT.” WALTER KRONKITE. PLASMA MEMBRANE NUCLEUS CYTOPLASM SURFACE ORGANELLES CELLULAR DIVERSITY. CELL STRUCTURE – SEE TABLE 3-1 PAGE 38 MEMMLER.

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CELLS AND THEIR FUNCTIONS

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  1. CELLS AND THEIR FUNCTIONS “I CAN’T IMAGINE A PERSON BECOMING A SUCCESS WHO DOESN’T GIVE THIS GAME OF LIFE EVERYTHING HE’S GOT.” WALTER KRONKITE

  2. PLASMA MEMBRANE • NUCLEUS • CYTOPLASM • SURFACE ORGANELLES • CELLULAR DIVERSITY CELL STRUCTURE – SEE TABLE 3-1PAGE 38 MEMMLER

  3. NUCLEIC ACIDS – DNA, RNA • DNA – CHROMOSOMES IN THE NUCLEUS • ADENINE (A) • THYMINE (T) • GUANINE (G) • CYTOSINE (C) • DOUBLE HELIX W/ H+ BONDS • RNA – IN CYTOPLASM (Mrna, Rrna, Trna) • ADENINE, GUANINE, CYTOSINE • THYMINE IS REPLACED BY URACIL (U) • SINGLE STRAND PROTEIN SYNTHESIS

  4. EVERYBODY UP!!!! • WE ARE GOING TO BUILD A STRAND OF PROTEIN Build a protein strand

  5. MITOSIS VS MEIOSIS • INTERPHASE • PROPHASE • METAPHASE • ANAPHASE • TELEPHASE • ROLE OF THE CENTROMERES CELL DIVISION

  6. PASSIVE MOVEMENT • SIMPLE DIFFUSION • OSMOSIS • FILTRATION • FACILITATED DIFFUSION • ACTIVE TRANSPORT • NEED PROTEIN ‘GATE KEEPERS’ • SELECTIVE PERMEABILITY • ENDOCYTOSIS – PHAGOCYTOSIS & PINOCYTOSIS • EXOCYTOSIS MOVEMENT OF SUBSTANCESSEE TABLE 3-4 PAGE 49

  7. ISOTONIC – SAME SOLUTE CONCENTRATION AS OUR BODY (0.9% NS) • HYPOTONIC – LESS SOLUTE IN SOLUTION THAN OUR BODY; FREES UP WATER TO GO TO CELL; TOO MUCH = HEMOLYSIS (0.45% NaCl) • HYPERTONIC – MORE SOLUTE THAN OUR BODY; PULLS WATER TOWARD IT; TOO MUCH DEHYDRATED CELL = CRENATION (3% NaCl) TONICITY

  8. Golgi apparatus – the “UPS” of the cell; packages the items for transport in and out of the cell • Mitochondria – the “Mighty” power house that makes energy (ATP) from the glucose • Lysomes – clean up the cell waste (garbage men); think Lysol • Centrioles – necessary for reproduction • Peroxisomes – Clean up hazardous material (HAZ MAT team) ORGANELLES

  9. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum – makes and packages fats • Rough endoplasmic reticulum – makes proteins • Ribosomes – make proteins • Vacuoles – empty cargo containers • Vesicles – carrier of solutes within the cell; could be storage or for movement to cell side for exocytosis ORGANELLES – CONT’D

  10. LIMITED NUMBER OF CELL DIVISIONS • MUTATIONS CAN OCCUR DURING DIVISION • THESE MUTATIONS MAY CAUSE A CELL TO DIVIDE FOREVER • RISK FACTORS: • HEREDITY (BRACA1) , CHEMICAL EXPOSURE, IONIZING RADIATION (XRAYS, SUN), PHYSICAL IRRITATION, DIET, VIRUSES (HPV) CELL AGING AND CANCER RISKS

  11. CYT/O- • MICR/O- • BI- • -SOME, SOM/A- • CHROM/O- • END/O- • LYS/O- • INTER- MEDICAL TERMINOLOGY

  12. CYT/O- • MICR/O- • BI- • -SOME, SOM/A- • CHROM/O- • END/O- • LYS/O- • INTER- • PRO- • META- • ANA- • TEL/E- • SEMI- • PHAG/O- • PIN/O- • EX/O- • ISO- • HYPO- • HYPER- • CARCIN/O- • -GEN MEDICAL TERMINOLOGY

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