Terrorism

1. Terrorism Luke Coerver Travis Swanson James Taylor

2. What is Terrorism? • The use of violence and threats to intimidate or coerce, especially for political purposes • The state of fear and submission produced by terrorism or terrorization • A terroristic method of governing or resisting a government

3. Goals and Methods • For the purpose of changing behavior in that audience or society • Explosive devices, shootings, kid napping, surface to air missiles, chemical, and biological weapons

4. 2007 Qalat, Afghanistan • On January 14 2007, the military contractor, Contrack International, was attacked when a suicide bomber detonated his explosive belt as the convoy passed injuring only a civilian in the proximity of the blast • www.start.umd.edu/gtd/

5. 2012 Pattani, Thailand • On January 14, 2010, three civilians were wounded when suspected Muslim separitists opened fire on them in an unreported location in Thailand’s Pattani province. Two men riding on a motorcycle shot PhilomAnurate, who was taking his wife and two children to school on the family motorcycle. Philom died of his wounds in the hopsital. His wife and two children were injured the family were Thai Buddhists

6. Terrorism • ‘Terrorism is the war of the poor, and war is the terrorism of the rich.’ Peter Ustinov • However, when fighting a war, the two sides know the enemy clearly • Terrorism, you are fighting a very small group of people that are almost impossible to combat • War is a collective agreement among a nation to fight another county • Terrorists follow only their views

7. Roles and Positions within a Terrorist Organization • Courier • Facilitator • Fundraiser • Intelligence Operative • Movement Leader • Muscle Operative • Operational leader • Operational planner • Recruiter

8. International and Domestic Terrorism • Oklahoma City bombing, which claimed 168 lives, was an example of domestic terrorism • World Trade Center was international terrorism

9. 9/11 • On September 11, 2001, four planes were hijacked by 19 Al-Quaeda operatives and flown to different parts of the United States

10. Osama bin Laden • Born in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Son of Mohammed bin awad bin Laden, a billionaire construction magnate • 1994 Saudi government stips him of his citizenship • 1996 declares holy war on U.S.

11. State Sponsors of Terrorism • This is a designation for countries that have repeatedly supported acts of international terrorism • Countries are added upon incident if providing sanctuary, supplying them, planning attacks

12. Timeline(Libya) • 1981 U.S. plane shoots down Libyan plane • 1986 Berlin nightclub bombed killing three • 1988 Lockerbie bombing over Scotland • 1989 UTA Flight 772 over Niger killing 170

13. Timeline(Afghanistan) • 1973 King overthrown in military coup • 1979 Soviet Union sends troops in defense of pro-Soviet government • The mujahedeen, or “holy warriors,” finally defeated the joint Afghan and Soviet forces in 1992 • The Taliban finally gained control in 1995 and ruled for 6 years • 2001 Afghanistan attacked by U.S. in response for 9/11 • The Taliban are currently on an upsurge

14. Timeline(Iraq) • 1979 Saddam Hussein becomes president • War with Iran in 1980 ended 8 years later in stale mate • 1981 Nuclear reactor being built in Baghdad but Israeli planes destroy it • 1988 Hussein orders poison gas on Iraqi Kurds killing 5000 • 1990 Hussein invaded Kuwait • 1991 Gulf War starts driving Iraq out of Kuwait • Different from 1993 invasion

15. Consequences • Changes the way we live • Increased security, airports • Baggage screening • Shoes removed • Full body scans • Discrimination against Middle Easterns

16. Strategies

17. Strategies • Vigilance • More gradual globalization • Espionage