1 / 23

Terrorism

Terrorism. ORGANIZING TERRORISM. CAUSES, STRATEGY, TACTICS. CAUSES OF TERRORISM Psycho-Social Rational-Material FTO ORGANIZATION STRATEGY & TACTICS Terms To Know Spider web theory martyrdom video Munich Netwar cell Hub v. chain networks

jake
Télécharger la présentation

Terrorism

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Terrorism ORGANIZING TERRORISM

  2. CAUSES, STRATEGY, TACTICS • CAUSES OF TERRORISM • Psycho-Social • Rational-Material • FTO ORGANIZATION • STRATEGY & TACTICS Terms To Know Spider web theory martyrdom video Munich Netwar cell Hub v. chain networks Bushido Code Black Widows Freedom Birds TWA Flt. 847 knee-capping Death Culture signature method Suicide Bombing Relative deprivation

  3. PSYCHO-SOCIAL Old CW: Mental Illness acts of extreme violence, irrespective of motive, must be by the pathological/mentally ill. Crenshaw (1981) no evidence of psychopathology in study of Algeria’s National Liberation Front. N.Ireland: “Political murderers were…more stable than non-political murderers” Merrari: No single personality profile RATIONAL-MATERIAL Costs Benefits Conditions I. CAUSES OF TERRORISM

  4. Conditions • It’s the Occupation, Stupid (Pape) • Relative Deprivation (Martin; Burgoon): • Feelings of economic frustration • Rising expectations • perceived unjust inequality

  5. Psychosocial conditions:Moral Disengagement

  6. Culture & Subculture • CULTURES OF SELF-SACRIFICE • Bushido Code: death before dishonor • Kamikaze (“Divine Wind”) • Seppuku (“Hara Kiri”) • Martyrdom (“Shahada”) • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8dPb1bF-s4M&feature=related • Group Culture: Path to extremism (Hamm) • Youth subculture with a specific • Ideology • paramilitary style • Musical expression

  7. Who Becomes a Female Terrorist? • Young • ave age 21.5 (Turkey) - 23 (Lebanon) • LTTE: brainwashed preadolescent orphans • Widowed and single • Loss of a close friend or family member. • Guilt • Humiliation • Revenge

  8. II. FTO ORGANIZATION http://www.fas.org/irp/world/para/manualpart1_1.pdf

  9. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/americas/7728551.stm Shapes • Netwar: A mode of conflict involving using decentralized network forms of organization and technologies attuned to the information age.

  10. Shapes and Sizes • SIZE (Ted Gurr): • Large groups more successful • Most groups: • involve few people • generate more noise than injury • end within 18 months

  11. “Exposure to Ideas”(Socialization) • Martyrdom Culture • Shahada (martyrdom) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8dPb1bF-s4M&feature=related • Farfour the Mouse & Nahool the Bee http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4wiBwQ9fiho&feature=related http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pFz8DwvJP6Q&feature=related

  12. Recruitment • Abu Mansour al-Amrikithe American • Recruitment Video & Raps: The American dream has fallen Bush is going down like Stalin The economy is crawlin’ The widows are bawlin’ Your dead you be haulin’ • Al-Shebab (“The youth” • “radicalised clusters” of Somali-American youths being recruited. • October 2008: 1st suicide attack by an American: Somali from Minneapolis http://video.aol.com/video-detail/english-nasheed-rap-by-shabab-al-mujahideen-sooner-or-later/766712952 http://tr.youtube.com/user/wa1slama http://news.yahoo.com/s/afp/20090331/wl_africa_afp/usattackssomaliaunrest_20090331220133/print http://www.zshare.net/audio/58019065ea7a2330/ http://www.alqimmah.net/showthread.php?t=4519 http://www.jihadwatch.org/archives/024080.php http://admin.jordantimes.com/index.php?news=15546 http://tr.youtube.com/user/wa1slama

  13. Al Qaeda’s Recruitment Manual • "removing him from the bad environment in which he lives" and putting him into "a good environment designed to improve his faith.” • Take him "for a boat ride on the Nile or some other retreat." Go to prayers together; "Send him a nice da'wah[proselytizing] message on his mobile phone.” • "Youth in remote areas" are likely to be "naturally religious” and "easy to shape and convince” • “favorite group”: the nonreligious…lack a vocabulary to answer religious arguments. http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=102193723

  14. Recruitment & Filtering

  15. TRAINING & BONDINGOn Killing (Lt.Col.David Grossman)

  16. Employment • Martyrdom Videos • Last message • Commitment (fear of shame) • Rationalizes for self & family http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4WPhQRmqo7o&feature=related Paradise Now: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1s_aL1jrWWQ

  17. III. STRATEGY & TACTICS T.E. Lawrence • Theorem 1: irregular forces are incapable of destroying an enemy’s army. • Theorem 2: irregular troops are unable to defend a point or line. • Rebellion must have: • 1. an unassailable base, independence of supply, and the qualities of speed, endurance and ubiquity. • 2. an alien army too small to fulfill the doctrine of acreage • 3. a friendly population sympathetic to the point of not betraying rebel movements to the enemy. Mao’s 7 Steps • Arouse and organize the people. • Recover national strength. • Destroy enemy’s national strength. • guerrilla warfare…cannot exist if it separates from the masses’ sympathies and cooperation • Spirit between troops and local inhabitants, like fish in water

  18. OBJECTIVES & AUDIENCES ENEMY GOVERNMENT Public MEMBERSHIP/SUPPORTERS “POTENTIAL SUPPORTERS” • Inspire • The Majestic(al-Shamikha) RIVAL GROUPS BYSTANDERS/3RD PARTIES • Changing Existing Order • Psychological disruption • Social disruption • Publicizing the cause • Creating a revolutionary environment

  19. MEDIA ORIENTED TERRORSIM • TWA Flight 847 (1985) • Munich (1972) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lTqZPKZ4_wk

  20. Strategic & Tactical Attraction of Suicide Terrorism (Hoffman) • Cost effective ($150 for Israeli bomber) • “Smart” bomb (goes where you want) • “lethally flexible & inventive” (adapts to situation) • Maximize fear (nowhere is safe)

  21. Robert Pape: Dying to Win • Secular, strategic goal: • compel democracies to withdraw military forces from territory terrorists consider their homeland • Democracies “especially vulnerable”: • Intolerant of costs imposed by attacks • Likely to push for changes in policy that lessen future attacks. • Hoffman’s Spider web theory: • “looks strong from the outside, but touch it and it will fall apart.” • Hamas: “Jews love life” vs. the “smile of joy”

  22. The Logic of Female Suicide Bombers • Increased number of combatants • Increased publicity • Play off stereotypes: Element of surprise • Play off cultural norms: Search women http://www.e-prism.org/images/memo84_Female_suicide_bombers_-_Jaffee_Center_-_Aug06.pdf http://www.strategicstudiesinstitute.army.mil/pdffiles/PUB408.pdf

More Related