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Understanding Auditory Sensitivity: A Deep Dive into Psychophysics and Psychoacoustics

This chapter explores the intricate relationship between the physical properties of sound and our psychological experience of it. Key concepts include absolute and difference thresholds, represented by the Minimum Audibility Curve and Dynamic Range of Hearing. It delves into differential sensitivity, guided by Weber’s Law, and how it relates to our perception of changes in sound stimuli. Additionally, it outlines the significance of frequency resolution and temporal integration, emphasizing the necessity of sufficient energy levels for brief sounds to be perceived correctly.

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Understanding Auditory Sensitivity: A Deep Dive into Psychophysics and Psychoacoustics

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  1. CHAPTER 10 Auditory Sensitivity

  2. PSYCHOACOUSTICS • A branch of psychophysics The study of the relation between: • the physical aspects of sound and • the psychological experience of sound

  3. Threshold or Limen • Absolute Threshold -- lowest value of stimulus which can be detected • Difference Threshold -- smallest detectable change in a stimulus • These 2 Thresholds were the primary questions in CLASSICAL PSYCHOPHYSICS Thresholds

  4. Minimum Audibility Curve-- • Plot of threshold of detection (in dB SPL) as a function of frequency • Lowest thresholds in 1 to 4 kHz region Thresholds

  5. The Auditory Response Area Thresholds

  6. Auditory Response Area • Range of useable hearing-- from threshold of detection to threshold of feeling/pain • Also called the DYNAMIC RANGE OF HEARING Thresholds

  7. Differential Sensitivity • Detecting changes in a stimulus • (e.g., how small a change in frequency can you detect) • Measured as the jnd - just noticeable difference Diff. Sensitivity//Weber’s Law

  8. Weber’s Law--A Theory of human differential sensitivity • Δ S/S = k • Size of jnd = constant fraction of the stimulus you start with • It’s easier to detect small changes in a stimulus if it had a small value to begin with. Diff. Sensitivity//Weber’s Law

  9. Frequency Resolution • The Critical Band reflects “internal filtering”--the ability to attend to a narrow range of frequencies • Remember the tuning curves from Bekesy’s dead ear and the healthy cochlea? • You need the healthy cochlea to have good frequency resolving power

  10. Good Frequency Resolution Allows you to: • Listen to harmonic structure of complex signals • Detect Shifts in Frequency (esp. formant transitions) • Hear and Understand signals in noise

  11. Brief Sounds: Temporal Integration Temporal Integration

  12. Temporal Aspects: TEMPORAL INTEGRATION • A certain amount of energy must be present for detection of a brief signal. • The process of summing energy over time is called integration and it is completed by 300 ms. • If the signal is shorter than 300 ms, then power must be increased for the signal to be detected. Temporal Integration

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