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Develop a detailed understanding of grammar and recognize word classes. Learn the importance and impact of grammar in language.
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The BIG Question: What is grammar, and why does it matter? Keywords: Grammar, Word Classes, Definition, Effect, Challenge Yourself: To develop a detailed understanding of grammar and be able to recognise all the main word classes Minimum Expectation: To understand the meaning of grammar
What Is Grammar? Grammar is the nuts and bolts of language; about taking language apart to see how it is made. But as you'll know if you have ever taken anything to pieces, it is equally important to be able to put it back in the right order so that it will work. That is what this thing called 'Grammar' is all about - taking language apart, having a good look at it, and then putting it back together.
What Is Grammar? Grammar covers everything from bits of words to entire sentences. It is a set of structural rules that control language One of them defines the roles of words in a sentence. One of them controls where each word class can appear in a sentence. One of them describes the construction of individual words. Word Classes Syntax Morphology
Sometimes the meaning of a sentence changes due to the positioning of words… What is the difference? He quickly told me to leave He told me to leave quickly
There are EIGHT main word classesCan you remember them? Re-arrange the grid so that the function and examples are in the correct place
Let’s review your grammatical prowess with a game of MAD LIBS! Mad Libs requires you to provide a list of word classes in the order it is requested. Those words will then be put in place of already existing words in a short extract. You must not know the meaning of the extract first. Mad Libs works on mystery. When the extract is read your grammar knowledge will become apparent as your word choice will either function properly in the sentence or it won’t!
Let’s review your grammatical prowess with a game of MAD LIBS! Scooby-Doo and the Vampire's Revenge Before they could start gathering clues, Mr Brickstone told them it was time to start the (adjective) auction. I've also taken care of the vampire, he said (adverb). It was one of the hotel residents playing a/an (adjective) joke. Fee and Daphne went back to the (room), and saw (number) (colour) (body part) -prints on the floor where the vampire had first appeared. When she went for a closer look, Daphne triggered a (noun) that led to a/an (adjective) passage. Meanwhile, Scooby Doo and Shaggy were doing some sniffing on their own - for (plural noun)! They decided that the kitchen was a (adjective) place to (verb) from vampire. Just as they were making a Scooby (noun) Daphne appeared from the (adjective) passage.
The BIG Question: Do nouns just name things? Keywords: Grammar, Word Classes, Noun, Count, Mass Plural Singular, Irregular, Pre/Post Modifier, Definition, Effect, Let’s review your grammatical prowess with a game of MAD LIBS! Scooby-Doo and the Vampire's Revenge Before they could start gathering clues, Mr Brickstone told them it was time to start the (adjective) auction. I've also taken care of the vampire, he said (adverb). It was one of the hotel residents playing a/an (adjective) joke. Fee and Daphne went back to the (room), and saw (number) (colour) (body part) -prints on the floor where the vampire had first appeared. When she went for a closer look, Daphne triggered a (noun) that led to a/an (adjective) passage. Meanwhile, Scooby Doo and Shaggy were doing some sniffing on their own - for (plural noun)! They decided that the kitchen was a (adjective) place to (verb) from vampire. Just as they were making a Scooby (noun) Daphne appeared from the (adjective) passage. Remember mine? Now it’s you turn. Homework out…
Challenge Yourself: To develop a detailed understanding of nouns and be able to apply that knowledge to a text and comment on effect Minimum Expectation: To understand the different word classes/types of nouns and be able to identify them
Think, Pair, Share Spot the difference! SHEEP BODIES KNIVES DEER BODY KNIFE
Nouns can either be SINGULAR or PLURAL (usually add –s or -es) SHEEP BODIES If the noun ends in a consonant and Y it is replaced by –ies. If it ends with an F it s replaced by -ves DEER KNIVES KNIFE But some don’t change their form – these are IRREGULAR BODY
Think, Pair, Share How do you tell me you have more than one? BRICK INFORMATION Count nouns can be counted (enumerators) Mass nouns can’t be counted – they don’t have a plural
Think, Pair, Share How is extra information given? The beautiful animal died. The zoo closed. Pre-modifier – come BEFORE the noun Post-modifier – after the noun
Think, Pair, Share Can you label the word classes in the sentence below? The beautiful animal died. Noun Phrase – made up of a DETERMINER, PRE_MODIFIER, HEAD (MAIN NOUN), POST-MODIFIER Write you own example
It is not just adjectives that can modify nouns. Nouns can modify nouns (paper kettle; chocolate teapot) Think of six more examples of nouns modifying nouns… What stylistic effect does post-modification have? Would you expect to hear pre- or post- modification in specific contexts?
Progress...Let’s test what you know so far… What is the effect of the noun choices?
The BIG Question: Do pronouns really just replace a noun? Keywords: Grammar, Word Classes, Definition, Effect, Pronouns How do we replace the nouns? Wendy gave the address book to Stephen. • Helen drove the car to Wrexham.
Challenge Yourself: To develop a detailed understanding of pronouns and be able to apply that knowledge to a text and comment on effect Minimum Expectation: To understand the types of pronouns and be able to identify them
Identify which type of pronoun is shown in bold. The book is mine That is my book. She preferred to work by herself She likes cheese. The lady who wore red. Who does this belong to? Someone must know the answer. This is really difficult possessive demonstrative reflexive personal relative interrogative indefinite demonstrative
Pronouns are often confused with another class of word - the class of determiners. A word is classed as a pronoun when it occurs independently without a noun following it: This is a new car. When a noun follows the word it is a determiner: Thiscar is new
Nouns are often preceded by the words the, a, or an. These are known as determiners.
List the determiners in the following passage and try to classify them The old lady reached the doorstep of her home and put her bag down to search for the key in her pocket. This search was always the worst part of any trip out. However hard she tried, she could never find either key – she always carried one key for the front door and one key for the back door in case of emergencies. On many occasions she had been sure that both keys were lost. But this time was an exception. She skilfully slotted one key into the lock and turned it carefully. In two minutes she was indoors, but for the second time that day, she drew her breath sharply. Every day recently she had some visitors, but enough was enough. There was more mess than even she could bear and for the rest of that day, she concentrated on making her home her own again.
The BIG Question: What do we use to describe? Keywords: Grammar, Word Classes, Definition, Effect, Adjectives What do you notice? The sudden noise The black dog Grammar is brilliant The food was amazing
Challenge Yourself: To develop a detailed understanding of adjectives and be able to apply that knowledge to a text and comment on effect Minimum Expectation: To understand the types of adjectives and be able to identify them
By definition adjectives are words which describe nouns • Usually they are placed before the noun, however sometimes they sometimes appear after it
Describe what you can see using only two words. Per image SUPERLATIVE COMPARATIVE ADJECTIVE
Adjectives can also make comparisons GOOD - BAD - MUCH - LITTLE -
Can you identify the adjectives? A Shore Thing Blasted by livid locals and attacked on Twitter, the cast of MTV's Geordie Shore have really ticked off Tyneside. But is the show that far from the truth? From the moment they crashed on to our screens in a whirlwind of boobs, booze and brawls, the cast of Geordie Shore have whipped up a storm of controversy. What is the effect?
The BIG Question: How many different ways can you possibly use a ‘doing word’? Keywords: Grammar, Word Classes, Definition, Effect, Verbs What is similar, and what is different? Jump Rushed Laugh Rushes Must Sings Think Doesn’t Is Played Playing Anticipate Felt
Challenge Yourself: To develop a detailed understanding of verbs and be able to apply that knowledge to a text and comment on effect Minimum Expectation: To understand the types of verbs and be able to identify them
Verbs are known as ‘doing words’ Verbs can refer to physical actions. These are known as dynamic verbs Verbs can also refer to mental actions or states. These are known as stativeverbs.
Main and auxiliary verbs The main verb in a clause or sentence is a single verb that expresses the main meaning. Auxiliary verbs are placed in front of main verbs: I must have been driving too fast. These are the auxiliary verbs This is the main verb
Auxiliary verbs are divided into primary verbs and modal verbs. There are only three main Primary verbs: Be Have do To Be- Margaret is applying to Yale. To Have- Frank has just returned from a business trip. (auxiliary verb)To Do- Nana doesn't go out much anymore. (auxiliary verb)
Modal verbs are only used with a main verb can will shall may must could would should might You should move your car. You could move your car. You must move your car. • Modal verbs can alter the tone or meaning of something that is said or written: What’s the difference?
Imagine that you are a fortune teller… Write nine BRIEF predictions for the person sitting next to you. Use a different modal auxiliary verb in each sentence. • Which predictions sound like • they are definitely going to come • true? • Which sound more tentative? • Which sound like advice? • Which sound like commands?
Identify all the verbs in the following text and state whether they are main or auxiliary verbs.
Active and passive verbs Using the passive voice can also make the object seem helpless and a victim of whoever is doing the action. E.g. The city was torn apart by war. Verbs can be active or passive. If a verb is used actively, the person or thing performing the action is emphasized as the subject of the verb: The minister has issued an apology. If the passive voice is used, the emphasis shifts to the object of the verb (the person or thing to which something has been done). The order of the sentence is reversed: An apology has been issued by the minister. One of the reasons for using the passive voice may be to avoid drawing attention to the person responsible for an action! Why might the passive voice be used, what is the difference?
Voice • Active • Passive . The pieces were picked up • Bobby broke the mirror. Cider was drunk at the party • Sophie picked up the pieces. Everyone at the party drank cider. The mirror was broken.
Voice • Active • Passive Everyone at the party drank cider. Cider was drunk at the party. The mirror was broken. The pieces were picked up • Sophie picked up the pieces. • Bobby broke the mirror.
Change these sentences to the passive voice. How has the effect of each sentence changed? • The Prime Minister forced the Home Secretary to resign. • The fire brigade fought the blaze all night. • John Jones attacked the young girl viciously, breaking three of her ribs. • Famine ravaged the country.
Tense I am writing a letter The lead singer rushed out to the front of the stage and reached out to the adoring audience. What’s missing?
