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136 countries covered

136 countries covered. VICTIMS. Most detected victims are women…. …but the share of men is increasing. Significant regional differences…. …also regarding the age profiles of detected victims. FORMS OF EXPLOITATION. Forms of exploitation by gender. Detected female victims.

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136 countries covered

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  1. 136 countries covered

  2. VICTIMS

  3. Most detected victims are women…

  4. …but the share of men is increasing

  5. Significant regional differences…

  6. …also regarding the age profiles of detected victims

  7. FORMS OF EXPLOITATION

  8. Forms of exploitation by gender Detected female victims Detected male victims

  9. Stable trends for forms of exploitation

  10. Beyond sexual exploitation and forced labour

  11. TRAFFICKERS

  12. Most convicted traffickers are men…

  13. …but many women are involved in trafficking crimes

  14. Most convicted traffickers are local citizens…

  15. …but destination countries convict more foreigners

  16. Commonalities between traffickers and victims • Citizenships of foreign offenders often match the citizenships of the victims they traffic – or: • Language • Ethnicity • Gender • Family/friendship ties

  17. TRAFFICKING FLOWS

  18. Trafficking flows: domestic trafficking Many flows are domestic – some 43%

  19. Cross-border flows: sub or transregional?

  20. Flows: diffusion (no country is immune)

  21. CRIMINAL JUSTICE RESPONSE

  22. Most countries now have solid legislation

  23. Countries with older legislation report more trafficking convictions

  24. Few countries have more than 50 convictions per year

  25. THEMATIC CHAPTER:TRAFFICKING, MIGRATION AND CONFLICT

  26. Chapter 2: TiP, migration and conflict • Migration: Comparison of citizenships of detected TiP victims and citizenships of recently arrived migrants in selected destination countries. • Found broad similarities -> ‘Cross-border trafficking flows often resemble regular migration flows’ • Conflict: Observed increasing numbers of detected TiP victims from conflict areas (e.g. Syria) in data from many countries • ‘Conflict can help drive trafficking in persons’

  27. Trafficking in persons and conflict Refugees escaping wars are easily targeted by traffickers The presence of large number of troops creates demand for labour and sexual services Armed groups recruit and abduct children to use them as combatants Armed groups recruit or abduct women and girls for forced marriage, domestic work and sexual slavery as well as men and boys for forced labour

  28. Special topic: TiP in the SDGs Target 16.2; indicator 16.2.2 Number of victims of trafficking in persons, disaggregated by age, sex and forms of exploitation. Target 5.2 Eliminate all forms of violence against all women and girls in the public and private spheres, including trafficking and sexual and other types of exploitation. Target 8.7 Taking immediate and effective measures to eradicate forced labour, end modern slavery and human trafficking… (focus on children).

  29. Release date: 21 December 2016 www.unodc.org/glotip

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