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Chapter 5

Energy for Muscular Activity. Chapter 5. Learning Objectives:. To develop an awareness of the basic chemical process that the body uses to produce energy in the muscles To develop an understanding of the body’s three main energy systems

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Chapter 5

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  1. Energy for Muscular Activity Chapter 5 Sport Books Publisher

  2. Learning Objectives: • To develop an awareness of the basic chemical process that the body uses to produce energy in the muscles • To develop an understanding of the body’s three main energy systems • To introduce the effect of training and exercise on the energy systems Sport Books Publisher

  3. Breakdown of Energy currency Biochemical processes Carbohydrates Muscular Work ATP Thermoregulation Fats Digesting Food Proteins The Chemistry of Energy Production • Energy in the human body is derived from the breakdown of complex nutrients like carbohydrates, fats, and proteins. • The end result of this breakdown is production of the adenosine triphosphate (ATP) molecule. • ATP provides energy necessary for body functions Sport Books Publisher

  4. ATP Cycle Overview a) ATP breakdown b) Phosphorylation c) ATP resynthesis Sport Books Publisher

  5. ATP + H2O ADP + Energy + P 2. Phosphate molecule (P) is released from ATP (ATP ADP) a) ATP breakdown (ATP turnover) 1. Hydrolysis of the unstable phosphate groups of ATP molecule by H2O 3. Energy is released (38-42 kJ, or 9-10kcal/ mol ATP) Sport Books Publisher

  6. Molecule + P b) Phosphorylation Energy for muscle contraction 1. Energy released by ATP turnover can be used by body when a free P group is transferred to another molecule (phosphorylation) Sport Books Publisher

  7. ADP + Energy + P ATP c) ATP resynthesis • Initial stores of ATP in the muscles are used up • very quickly and ATP must be regenerated 2. ATP is formed by recombination of ADP and P 3. Regeneration of ATP requires energy (from breakdown of food molecules) Sport Books Publisher

  8. the high energy phosphate system b) the anaerobic glycolytic system c) the aerobic oxidative system The Energy Systems Sport Books Publisher

  9. The Roles of the Three Energy Systems in Competitive Sport Sport Books Publisher

  10. 1. The High Energy Phosphate System Sport Books Publisher

  11. Primary energy source: Stored ATP, CP Duration of activity: 7-12 s Weight lifting, high jump, long jump, 100m run, 25m swim Sporting events: Produce very large amount of energy in a short amount of time Advantages: Initial concentration of high energy phosphates (ATP, PC) Limiting factors: The High Energy Phosphate System Overview Sport Books Publisher

  12. ENERGY Creatine P High Energy Phosphate System ADP + Pi ATP Sport Books Publisher

  13. Training the High Energy Phosphate System a) Interval training: - 20% increase in CP (creatine phosphate) stores - no change in ATP stores - increase in ATPase function (ATP -> ADP+P) - increase in CPK (creatine phosphokinase) function (CPK breaks down CP molecule and allows ATP resynthesis) b) Sprint training: - increase in CP stores up to 40% - 100% increase in resting ATP stores Sport Books Publisher

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