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China’s First Civilizations

China’s First Civilizations. Did you know the Chinese invented fireworks?. Looking Back – Looking Ahead. In earlier chapters, you learned that many civilizations developed in river valleys. China’s civilization also began in a river valley, but mountains and deserts affected its

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China’s First Civilizations

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  1. China’s First Civilizations Did you know the Chinese invented fireworks?

  2. Looking Back – Looking Ahead In earlier chapters, you learned that many civilizations developed in river valleys. China’s civilization also began in a river valley, but mountains and deserts affected its development.

  3. Main Ideas • Rivers, mountains, and deserts helped shape China’s civilization. (page 277) • Rulers known as the Shang became powerful because they controlled land and had strong armies. (page 278) • Chinese rulers claimed that the Mandate of Heaven gave them the right to rule. (page 281)

  4. Main Idea • Rivers, mountains, and deserts helped shape China’s civilization. Huang He Tian Shan Gobi Desert

  5. Rivers, mountains, and deserts helped shape China’s civilization. • Huang He – Yellow River • Flooded (China’s Sorrow) • Destroyed homes/Killed people • Left behind RICH silt • Could grow LARGE amounts of food on very small farms

  6. Nile Vs. Huang He • Nile leaves 2 pounds of silt per cubic yard of topsoil • Huang He leaves 57 pounds of silt per cubic yard of topsoil

  7. Rivers, mountains, and deserts helped shape China’s civilization. • Chang Jiang/Yangtze River Rich soil for farming • Only 1/10 of China’s land can be farmed • Most of land is mountains and deserts (bad for farms)

  8. Rivers, mountains, and deserts helped shape China’s civilization. • Mountains and Deserts separated China – Think about Egypt’s geography • Himalaya – Southwest • Kunlun Shan and Tian Shan mountains to the west • Gobi Desert – Cold/Rocky…East of Tian Shan and Kunlun Shan

  9. hamptonworldhistoryi.wikispaces.com Huang He River Tian Shan Kunlun Shan Chang Jiang River

  10. CHECK • What were the two important river in early Chinese Civilization? • Huang He and Chang Jiang • What did the rivers provide? • Rich silt – could grow a lot of food on small farms

  11. CHECK • What is the cold, rocky location east of the Tian Shan and Kunlun Shan Mountains? • Gobi Desert

  12. CHECK • How was the effect of geography in China similar to the effect geography had on Ancient Egypt • Geography (mountains/deserts) separated China from other civilizations

  13. Main Idea POWERFUL!! Controlled Land SHANG • Rulers known as the Shang became powerful because they controlled land and had strong armies. STRONG Army ekantipur.com internationalbusinesslawadvisor.com slipperybrick.com globalenvision.org

  14. Shang Dynasty • Huang He Valley – First center of Civilization in China • First Dynasty – Xia – Know almost nothing about them • Dynasty • A line of rulers who belong to the same family

  15. Shang Dynasty • 2nd Rulers – Shang dynasty • Anyang – China’s 1st Capital City • Used Bronze weapons to take over nearby areas • Warlords governed territories • Warlords • Military leaders who command their own armies

  16. Shang Dynasty • King had LARGER armies to control borders • Armies helped King keep power • Aristocrats – warlords and royal officials (upper class) • Aristocrats passed power from generation to generation

  17. Shang Dynasty • Few Artisans and traders • MOST people were FARMERS • Farmers did not own land • Aristocrats owned the land • Some slaves

  18. Shang – gods and spirits • People in Shang China worshipped gods and spirits. • Tried to keep gods and spirits happy • Angry gods and spirits were thought to cause bad events such as a poor harvest or loss in battle

  19. Shang - Ancestors • People in Shang China honored ancestors – offerings • Hoped ancestors would bring good luck – help in times of need

  20. Shang – Telling the Future • Kings believed gods gave them special power and wisdom • Priests scratched questions in oracle bones – hot metal rods made bones crack • Priests interpreted the cracks as answers to the questions

  21. Shang – Telling the Future • Kings used answers from oracle to determine courses of action • Scratches were first known Chinese writing

  22. Chinese Writing • Pictographs – pictures that represent objects • Ideographs – pictures that represent ideas (2 or more pictographs combined)

  23. Shang Artists • Silk for fine clothes • Vases/Dishes of fine white clay • Statues of ivory and Jade • BEST KNOWN for bronze objects

  24. CHECK • 1st Chinese Capital • Anyang • Who ruled Shang territories? • Warlords • MOST Chinese people were…? • They were farmers

  25. CHECK • Shang worshipped…?\ • Gods and spirits – tried to keep them happy • Shang honored who? • Ancestors…hoped for help in time of need…good luck

  26. CHECK • Chinese writing used __ and __? • Pictographs and Ideographs • Shang artisans were best known for? • Bronze objects

  27. Main Idea • Chinese rulers claimed that the Mandate of Heaven gave them the right to rule. Right to RULE china.mrdonn.org

  28. Cruelty = Loss of Power • Shang Kings were very wealthy most other people were VERY poor • Kings began to treat the poor with cruelty • Zhou Dynasty results from rebellion

  29. Zhou Dynasty • Ruled for 800 years - longest rule in Chinese history • King was head of government • Bureaucracy under King • Bureaucracy – appointed officials who are in charge of different parts of government

  30. Zhou Dynasty • Aristocrats (not Warlords) ruled territories • Aristocrats passed rule of territories to son or other relative when they died • King main purpose was to carry out religious rituals – the people’s link to heaven

  31. Zhou Dynasty • Zhou Kings believed they were in charge of China because the gods wanted them there • Mandate of Heaven • Gods chose King to rule with goodness and wisdom

  32. Mandate of Heaven • King expected to rule according to Dao (proper way) • King’s duty – keep gods happy • Bad harvest, loss in battle = angry gods = king failed • People had the right to overthrow and replace the king

  33. Mandate of Heaven • Gave people right to overthrow evil King • Clearly stated King was not a god • Could only be questioned by overthrowing the king

  34. New Tools • Irrigation developed during Zhou Dynasty • Iron plows increased food production = larger population • Silk = important trade item

  35. Zhou Dynast Falls • Over time – rulers of territories gained power and set up their own states • States battled each other – 200 years – Period of the Warring Stated

  36. Zhou Dynast Falls • Used swords, spears, crossbows • Invented saddles and stirrups • Qin defeated other states with huge cavalry

  37. CHECK • What is the Mandate of Heaven? • Mandate of Heaven says the gods put kings in charge of China • Importance of Mandate • Kings had to be good rulers – gave people right to overthrow

  38. Check • Importance of Iron Plow • Led to increased land farmed, increased population, increased trade • Development that allowed Qin to create a cavalry and defeat other states during the Period of the Warring States • Saddles and Stirrups

  39. OK BIG PICTURE • Test Prep

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