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Perception

Perception. Making Sense of the World. Perception. a process of organizing and interpreting sensory information, enabling us to recognize meaningful objects and events Often produces errors in perceiving the world. Perceptual Illusions. Perceptual errors usually ~harmless Sometimes deadly.

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Perception

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  1. Perception Making Sense of the World

  2. Perception • a process of organizing and interpreting sensory information, enabling us to recognize meaningful objects and events • Often produces errors in perceiving the world

  3. Perceptual Illusions • Perceptual errors usually ~harmless • Sometimes deadly

  4. Perception • Selective Attention focus of conscious awareness on a particular stimulus

  5. Perceptual Organization • Visual Capture • tendency for vision to dominate the other senses • Gestalt- an organized whole • tendency to integrate pieces of information into meaningful wholes

  6. Perceptual Organization • Grouping • the perceptual tendency to organize stimuli into coherent groups • Grouping Principles • proximity- group nearby figures together • similarity- group figures that are similar • continuity- perceive continuous patterns • connectedness- spots, lines and areas are seen as unit when connected

  7. Perceptual Organization- Grouping Principles

  8. Perceptual Organization • Figure and Ground • organization of visual field into objects (figures) that stand out from surroundings (ground)

  9. Perceptual Organization-Depth Perception • Depth Perception • ability to see objects in three dimensions • Binocular cues • retinal disparity • images from the two eyes differ • closer the object, the larger the disparity • convergence • neuromuscular cue • two eyes move inward for near objects

  10. Perceptual Organization-Depth Perception • Monocular Cues • relative size • smaller image is more distant

  11. Relative Size

  12. Perceptual Organization-Depth Perception • Monocular Cues • interposition • closer object blocks distant object

  13. Perceptual Organization-Depth Perception

  14. Perceptual Organization-Depth Perception • Monocular Cues • linear perspective • parallel lines converge with distance

  15. Linear perspective • Which horizontal line seems longer? • Converging lines ~distance • Horz lines same retinal S • Top perceived farther away

  16. Perceptual Organization • Linear Perspective & Monsters

  17. Perceptual Constancy • Perceptual Constancy • perceiving objects as unchanging despite changes in retinal image • Shape • Size • Experience • video

  18. Size Constancy • What’s happening here? • Experience tells him it is a large ship far away • Really it is a small ship close

  19. Perceptual Interpretation • Perceptual Adaptation • (vision) ability to adjust to an artificially displaced visual field • Upside-Down Vision Video • Perceptual Set • a mental predisposition to perceive one thing and not another

  20. Perceptual Set • Mental predisposition to perceive one thing and not another • Affects our perceptions of the world • Errors • Individual differences in perception

  21. Perceptual Set • What do you see here?

  22. Perceptual Set- Schemas Flying Saucers or Clouds?

  23. Perceptual Set • What do you see?

  24. Perceptual Set • What do you see?

  25. Perceptual Set Demo • If your last name starts with the letter ‘a’ - ‘n’ close your eyes • Others look at the screen

  26. Perceptual Set Demo • Woman • Eyes • Face

  27. Perceptual Set Demo • Rest of you close your eyes now • Others look at the screen

  28. Perceptual Set Demo • Performance • Music • Saxophone

  29. Perceptual Set Demo • Everyone look at the screen • IMMEDIATELY write down what you see first...

  30. What do you see?

  31. Creation of Perceptual Set • First group saw: • Woman • Eyes • Face • Second group saw • Performance • Music • Saxophone

  32. Perceptual Set- Schemas • What you see in the center is influenced by perceptual set • Face or saxophone

  33. Perceptual Set • Experience/context impacts percep sets • Individual differences • Momentary fluctuations • No objective reality • We all perceive the world differently at different times

  34. Perception & Context

  35. Group Activity II: ESP • In groups of 4-5 and using the text: • Define ESP and describe at least 2 types • Describe the kind of research that examines ESP • Summarize the state of the scientific evidence for ESP • PLEASE TURN THIS IN AFTER CLASS!

  36. ESP • Extrasensory Perception • Controversial claim that perception can occur apart from sensory input • Telepathy • Clairvoyance • Precognition • Parapsychology • The study of paranormal phenomena • ESP • Psychokinesis

  37. ESP • No scientifically reliable and valid evidence for ESP has yet been found • Does NOT mean ESP does not exist • No evidence yet • Skeptical, critical attitude of science • Curious • Explorers

  38. Perception Summary • Illusions & Organization • Depth perception • Perceptual constancy • Perceptual Set • ESP

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