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Gases

This comprehensive guide covers essential concepts related to gas laws, focusing on temperature, pressure, and volume relationships. Learn how to convert temperature between Celsius and Kelvin, understand the significance of using the Kelvin scale in gas calculations, and explore the principles of Boyle’s Law, Charles’ Law, and Gay-Lussac's Law. The document includes practical examples and problems, providing users with the necessary tools to navigate common gas law calculations efficiently. Enhance your understanding of gases in both theoretical and practical contexts.

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Gases

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  1. Gases

  2. Temperature K = ºC + 273 ºC -273 0 100 K 0 273 373 • Always use the Kelvin scale when working with gases.

  3. Practice • 23.5°C = __________K • -15.4°C = _________ K • 325.85 K = ________ °C • 96.2 K = _________ °C

  4. E. Pressure Which shoes create the most pressure?

  5. E. Pressure Aneroid Barometer Mercury Barometer • Barometer • measures atmospheric pressure

  6. E. Pressure • KEY UNITS AT SEA LEVEL 101.325 kPa (kilopascal) 1 atm 760 mm Hg 760 torr 14.7 psi

  7. F. STP Standard Temperature & Pressure 0°C273 K 1 atm101.325 kPa -OR- STP

  8. Pressure Conversions • Convert each of the following into mm Hg • 1.25 atm • 2.48 x 10-3 atm • 4.75 x 104 atm

  9. Answers • 950. mm Hg • 1.88 mm Hg • 3.61 x 107 mm Hg

  10. Pressure Conversions • Convert 109 kPa to atm • Convert 0.62 atm to mm Hg • Convert 0.3587 atm to kPa • Convert 29.32 mmHg to kPa

  11. Answers • 1.08 atm • 470 mm Hg • 36.345 kPa • 3.91 kPa

  12. V T P Gases II. The Gas Laws

  13. Gas Law Animation • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eYeRA--Xq0E

  14. Boyle’s Law P V A. Pressure vs. Volume The pressure and volume of a gas are inversely related • This means that when pressure increases, volume decreases and vice versa!

  15. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bWhs5L_gBTI

  16. Charles’ Law V T B. Temperature vs. Volume • The volume and temperature (K) of a gas are directly related • When temperature increases, volume increases

  17. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Cr7xGEI0KDc

  18. Gay-Lussac’s Law P T C. Pressure vs. Temperature • The pressure and temperature (K) of a gas are directly related • When temp. increases, pressure increases

  19. Combined Gas Law P1V1 T1 P2V2 T2 = P1V1T2 =P2V2T1

  20. E. Gas Law Problems • A gas occupies 473 cm3 at 36°C. Find its volume at 94°C. GIVEN: V1 = 473 cm3 T1 = 36°C = 309K V2 = ? T2 = 94°C = 367K T V WORK: P1V1T2 = P2V2T1 (473 cm3)(367 K)=V2(309 K) V2 = 562 cm3

  21. E. Gas Law Problems • A gas occupies 100. mL at 150. kPa. Find its volume at 200. kPa. GIVEN: V1 = 100. mL P1 = 150. kPa V2 = ? P2 = 200. kPa P V WORK: P1V1T2 = P2V2T1 (150.kPa)(100.mL)=(200.kPa)V2 V2 = 75.0 mL

  22. E. Gas Law Problems • A gas occupies 7.84 cm3 at 71.8 kPa & 25°C. Find its volume at STP. P T V GIVEN: V1=7.84 cm3 P1=71.8 kPa T1=25°C = 298 K V2=? P2=101.325 kPa T2=273 K WORK: P1V1T2 = P2V2T1 (71.8 kPa)(7.84 cm3)(273 K) =(101.325 kPa)V2 (298 K) V2 = 5.09 cm3

  23. E. Gas Law Problems • A gas’ pressure is 765 torr at 23°C. At what temperature will the pressure be 560. torr? GIVEN: P1 = 765 torr T1 = 23°C = 296K P2 = 560. torr T2 = ? P T WORK: P1V1T2 = P2V2T1 (765 torr)T2 = (560. torr)(296K) T2 = 217 K = -56°C

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