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This section details the significant issues faced during the post-Revolutionary War period in the United States, particularly the economic depression characterized by high unemployment and personal bankruptcies, as exemplified by Shay's Rebellion. It also discusses early anti-slavery movements, influential leaders like Madison and Hamilton, and the Constitutional Convention of 1787 where major compromises, including the Great Compromise and the Three-Fifths Compromise, were established. The document culminates in the adoption of the Constitution, which required approval from nine of the thirteen states.
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US History Chapter 7 Section 2
Daily Focus Skills 2 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer.
I Feel So Blue… • Depression – period of slow economy and high unemployment • Many farms were destroyed in the war, farmers had trouble paying debts, and were thrown in jail • Shay’s Rebellion - in Massachusetts • Daniel Shay – army captain force courts to close so that farmers were not jailed • Springfield – Shay marched on the Federal arsenal, four of his rebels were killed by the Mass. militia • Slavery issues: • 11 states (not NC or GA) outlaw or levy heavy taxes on importation of slaves • Quakers in Penn were the first anti-slavery society • Penn, Conn, RI, NY, and NJ pass anti-slavery laws • Virginia passed a law for easy manumission – freeing of individual enslaved persons
Something Else… • James Madison and Alexander Hamilton – active leaders in the call for change • Called for a convention in Philadelphia • Met in Pennsylvania State House (later known as Independence Hall) • Washington decides to attend the convention • Constitutional Convention – May 1787 • Benjamin Franklin and George Washington • Gouverneur Morris – wrote the final draft of the Constituion • James Madison – the Father of the Constitution
Action… • Convention Organization • George Washington presided over the discussion • Every state had one vote; majority decides an issue • 7 of 13 states must be present; only delegates in talks • Virginia Plan – introduced by Edmund Randolph • James Madison’s ideas of a strong nation government • Two-house legislature; chief executive; court system • Proportional – corresponding in size • William Paterson – against the plan (New Jersey Plan) • New Jersey Plan – amended the Articles • One-house legislature; ability to levy taxes and regulate trade • Weak executive branch
Learning to Let Go • The Great Compromise – suggested by Roger Sherman • Compromise – agreement between two or more sides in which each side gives up some of what it wants • Lower House – equally represented legislature; Upper House – Each state has two members • Three-Fifths Compromise – about counting slaves • Each slave counted as 3/5 of a person for taxation and representation • Slave Trade – Congress was not to interfere with slave trade until 1808 • Bill of Rights – George Mason proposal defeated • September 17, 1787 – the Constitution was finished • 3 delegates refused to sign (Gerry, Mason, and Randolph) • 9 of 13 states had to approve for this to be accepted
Introduction 1 Click the Speaker buttonto replay the audio.
Checking for Understanding Define Match the terms on the right with their definitions on the left. __ 1. the freeing of some enslaved persons __ 2. agreement between two or more sides in which each side gives up some of what it wants __ 3. to be the same as or corresponding to __ 4. a period of low economic activity and widespread unemployment A. depression B. manumission C. proportional D. compromise B Section 2-29 D C A Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answers.
