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COGNITION: MEMORY

UNIT 7A. COGNITION: MEMORY. UNIT OVERVIEW. The Phenomenon of Memory Information Processing Forgetting Memory Construction Improving Memory. The Phenomenon of Memory. INTRODUCTION. Memory Extremes of memory. INFORMATION PROCESSING. INTRODUCTION: ATKINSON-SHIFFRIN THREE-STAGE MODEL.

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COGNITION: MEMORY

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  1. UNIT 7A COGNITION: MEMORY

  2. UNIT OVERVIEW • The Phenomenon of Memory • Information Processing • Forgetting • Memory Construction • Improving Memory

  3. The Phenomenon of Memory

  4. INTRODUCTION • Memory • Extremes of memory

  5. INFORMATION PROCESSING

  6. INTRODUCTION: ATKINSON-SHIFFRIN THREE-STAGE MODEL • Encoding • Storage • Retrieval

  7. INTRODUCTION • Connectionism • Sensory memory • Short-term memory • Long-term memory • Modified version of the three-stage processing model of memory

  8. INTRODUCTION • Modified version of the three-stage processing model of memory • Information directly into long-term memory • Working memory

  9. MODIFIED THREE-STAGE PROCESSING MODEL OF MEMORY

  10. MODIFIED THREE-STAGE PROCESSING MODEL OF MEMORY

  11. MODIFIED THREE-STAGE PROCESSING MODEL OF MEMORY

  12. MODIFIED THREE-STAGE PROCESSING MODEL OF MEMORY

  13. MODIFIED THREE-STAGE PROCESSING MODEL OF MEMORY

  14. MODIFIED THREE-STAGE PROCESSING MODEL OF MEMORY

  15. MODIFIED THREE-STAGE PROCESSING MODEL OF MEMORY

  16. MODIFIED THREE-STAGE PROCESSING MODEL OF MEMORY

  17. MODIFIED THREE-STAGE PROCESSING MODEL OF MEMORY

  18. ENCODING: GETTING INFORMATION INHOW WE ENCODE • Automatic Processing • Parallel processing • Automatic processing • Space • Time • Frequency • Well-learned information

  19. ENCODING: GETTING INFORMATION INHOW WE ENCODE • Effortful Processing • Rehearsal (conscious repetition) • Ebbinghaus curve

  20. ENCODING: GETTING INFORMATION INHOW WE ENCODE • Ebbinghaus curve

  21. ENCODING: GETTING INFORMATION INHOW WE ENCODE • Overlearning • Spacing effect • Massed practice • Distributed practice • Testing effect

  22. ENCODING: GETTING INFORMATION INHOW WE ENCODE • Serial position effect • Recency effect • Primacy effect

  23. ENCODING: GETTING INFORMATION IN WHAT WE ENCODE • Levels of Processing • Visual encoding • Acoustic encoding • Semantic encoding • Self-reference effect

  24. ENCODING: GETTING INFORMATION IN WHAT WE ENCODE

  25. ENCODING: GETTING INFORMATION IN WHAT WE ENCODE

  26. ENCODING: GETTING INFORMATION IN WHAT WE ENCODE

  27. ENCODING: GETTING INFORMATION IN WHAT WE ENCODE

  28. ENCODING: GETTING INFORMATION IN WHAT WE ENCODE • Visual Encoding • Imagery • Rosy retrospection • Mnemonics • Peg-word system

  29. ENCODING: GETTING INFORMATION IN WHAT WE ENCODE • Organizing Information for Encoding • Chunking • acronym

  30. ENCODING: GETTING INFORMATION IN WHAT WE ENCODE • Organizing Information for Encoding • Chunking • acronym

  31. ENCODING: GETTING INFORMATION IN WHAT WE ENCODE • Organizing Information for Encoding • Chunking • acronym

  32. ENCODING: GETTING INFORMATION IN WHAT WE ENCODE • Organizing Information for Encoding • Chunking • acronym

  33. ENCODING: GETTING INFORMATION IN WHAT WE ENCODE • Organizing Information for Encoding • Chunking • acronym

  34. ENCODING: GETTING INFORMATION IN WHAT WE ENCODE • Organizing Information for Encoding • Chunking • acronym

  35. ENCODING: GETTING INFORMATION IN WHAT WE ENCODE • Organizing Information for Encoding • Chunking • acronym

  36. ENCODING: GETTING INFORMATION IN WHAT WE ENCODE • Organizing Information for Encoding • Hierarchies

  37. STORAGE: RETAINING INFORMATIONSENSORY MEMORY • Sperling’s memory experiment • Iconic memory • Echoic memory

  38. STORAGE: RETAINING INFORMATIONWORKING/ SHORT TERM MEMORY • Magic number Seven • Plus or minus 2 • The list of magic sevens • Seven wonders of world • Seven seas • Seven deadly sins • Seven primary colors • Seven musical scale notes • Seven days of the week

  39. STORAGE: RETAINING INFORMATIONLONG TERM MEMORY • Unlimited nature of long-term memory

  40. STORAGE: RETAINING INFORMATIONSTORING MEMORIES IN THE BRAIN • Synaptic Changes • Memory trace • Long-term potentiation (LTP) • Memory boosting drugs • CREB • glutamate

  41. STORAGE: RETAINING INFORMATIONSTORING MEMORIES IN THE BRAIN Stress Hormones and Memory • Emotions and memories • Flashbulb memory

  42. STORAGE: RETAINING INFORMATIONSTORING MEMORIES IN THE BRAIN • Storing Implicit and Explicit Memories • Amnesia • H.M. Studies

  43. STORAGE: RETAINING INFORMATIONSTORING MEMORIES IN THE BRAIN • Storing Implicit and Explicit Memories • Implicit memory (nondeclarative memory) • Explicit memory (declarative memory) • Hippocampus • Cerebellum

  44. STORAGE: RETAINING INFORMATION STORING MEMORIES IN THE BRAIN

  45. RETRIEVAL: GETTING INFORMATION OUT • Recall • Recognition • Relearning

  46. RETRIEVAL: GETTING INFORMATION OUTRETRIEVAL CUES • Retrieval cues • Mnemonic devices • Priming

  47. PRIMING

  48. PRIMING

  49. PRIMING

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