Imperialism

1. Southeast Asia, Africa, and India Imperialism

2. Imperialism – the extension of a nation’s power over other lands Overall main goal was to exploit the resources of the land “new imperialism” vs. “old imperialism” Before - more content with trading partnership Now - total control and domination What is Imperialism?

3. Economic motives – new markets and raw materials • Rivalries – source of national power • Social Darwinism and racism • Social Darwinism – survival of the fittest • Racism – race determines traits and capabilities • Superior races will dominate the inferior races • Moral Responsibility • “the white man’s burden” 4 main motives for imperialism

5. Indirect rule – local rulers allowed to keep their authority and status in a new colonial setting. Direct rule – local elites replaced with new imperial officials and rulers. Overall main goal was to exploit the resources of the land Kinds of Rule

6. Colonial Takeover in SE Asia Mark “direct” or “indirect” on your map using the symbols on the board

7. Colonial Takeover (mark on Map)

8. The Exception • Siam only independent nation • Rivalry between Britain and France • If you were the ruler, what would you do to stay independent? • King Mongkut and King Chulalongkorn • Promoted western learning • Promoted relationships with both nations

9. Did not want the colonists to develop their own industries. Exported materials Used people as laborers High taxes Poor conditions Good economic system brought to some of the colonies. Effects of Imperialism in S.E. Asia

10. Resistance came in three forms Rule elite class Peasant revolts (due to harsh plantation conditions) Urban, westernized, educated middle class Resistance

11. Based on the definition of imperialism, do you agree with this quote? Why or why not?” • America's entire war on terror is an exercise in imperialism. ~ MICHAEL IGNATIEFF, New York Times, Jul. 28, 2002 Closer

12. Review Direct rule Elite Class Indirect rule protectorate Moral responsibility Siam racism Raw materials Poor conditions rivalries

13. imperialism racism protectorate indirect rule direct rule exploit export Vocab For Section 1

14. Section 2 African Imperialism

15. Divide Africa into 5 regions • West • North • Central • East • South • For each section, students will answer the following • Summarize in one sentence what the importance of the area was. • What motives of imperialism did this reflect? • Direct or indirect rule? • Explain any challenges in the region. 5 Regions

17. West Africa North Africa • Slave Trade, raw materials, slowly added • Economic motive (raw materials); rivalries (French/British/German control); Social Darwinism (Slave trade) • France – Direct rule; G.B. – Indirect rule (protectorate) • Tensions with African governments, able to maintain independence; slave trade ended • Europeans needed access to canals; Ottoman Empire declines • Economic motives (link to trade routes); rivalries (prevent other countries from gaining too much control); moral responsibility (education) • G.B. – Indirect rule (Egypt protectorate); France – Direct rule) • Competition from other countries; resistance from natives African Imperialism

18. Central Africa East Africa • Unexplored and unknown by European countries, sparking exploration. • Economic (maps, medical remedies; raw materials); rivalries (Belgium); Moral responsibility (missionaries) • Belgium – direct rule • difficult and dangerous to explore and access. • Smaller European powers struggling to gain some land. • Rivalries (smaller states; Berlin Conference); Economic motives (trade access) • Both • Competition amongst states; no regard given to present African boundaries. African Imperialism

19. South Africa Closer – 1/8/13 • Southern access; rich in resources • Rivalries (British & Boers); Racism/Social Darwinism (Boers and British superior to indigenous); economic motives (make fortunes) • Indirect rule – G.B. • Indigenous tribes (Zulus revolted against Boers); Boer War (Boers revolted against British settlers). • Which motive was most commonly used to justify imperialism in African? African imperialism

20. What is “the white man’s burden”? What does Kipling’s poem describe? List at least 3 phrases that support this message. What does Morel’s passage describe? Find 2 examples from the text that support this. What is each authors’ opinion of imperialism? Who is the audience of each work? (who would support each authors’ message?) Opposing Viewpoint Questions

21. Britain France Germany Belgium Direct or Indirect

22. Section 3 British Imperialism in India

23. Sepoy Mutiny • Ruled by the British East India Company • sepoys – Indian soldiers hired to protect the company’s interests • Rumors began over new rifle cartridges • Charged with mutiny when refused to use rifles

24. Revolted but defeated by British troops due to lack of unity • British government took over • Queen Victoria’s “Jewel in the Crown” • Direct rule through a viceroy – a governor who ruled as a representative of a monarch • Helped fuel Indian nationalism Sepoy Mutiny

25. Answer the two “Critical Thinking” questions on pg. 467 Bell ringer – 1/15/13 Flag of the East India Company, 1800

26. Benefits and Costs of British Rule

27. Benefits and Costs of British Rule

28. What is the author conflicted about concerning his job? What convinced the author that there was really an elephant on the loose? What was the realization about “white man’s dominion in the East”? What were the authors arguments for and against shooting the elephant? What did the natives think of the author and other Europeans? What were the reactions to his final choice? “Shooting an Elephant” Questions

29. How does the story “We Crown Thee King” reflect Indian nationalism at the time? Extra Question

30. Indian National Congress – group of Indians in support of Indian rights (particularly in government). Mohandas Gandhi – Indian lawyer to lead a nonviolent resistance movement for Indian independence. Rabindranath Tagore – Indian author during the cultural revival and aided the nationalist movement Indian Nationalism

33. You and your partner are to pick an event or topic from the given list and create a headline that might appear in an Indian nationalist newspaper. • Headline requirements • Headline and byline • Reflect the ideas of the newspaper it appears in Headlines

34. Topics to Choose From Example • Indian Nationals Congress (pg 469) • Muslim League (pg 469-70) • Gandhi (return or movement) (pg 470) • cultural revival (pg 470-71) • Rabindranath Tagore (pg 471) SEPOYS REVOLT! Hundreds of Britons Die in Mass Slaughter (to appear in a British newspaper)