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Road to Revolution, 1754-1775

Road to Revolution, 1754-1775. Early Call for Colonial Unity. French and Indian War. French and Indian War. French allied with some native tribes Showdown for control of the NA continent Part of a larger European war England (and her colonists) defeat French (Treaty of Paris 1763).

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Road to Revolution, 1754-1775

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  1. Road to Revolution, 1754-1775

  2. Early Call for Colonial Unity

  3. French and Indian War

  4. French and Indian War

  5. French allied with some native tribes Showdown for control of the NA continent Part of a larger European war England (and her colonists) defeat French (Treaty of Paris 1763) French and Indian War (part of 7 Years War)

  6. Prior to 1763 • Colonies allowed virtual self-rule (salutary neglect) • Colonist remained, for the most part, loyal subjects of the King • End of French & Indian War signals change in English policy towards its colonies

  7. Paying Our Fair Share • Colonists ask to foot the bill for their own defense • George III tries to impose a new authority over colonies • British realize their control over worldwide interests is too decentralized

  8. Proclamation of 1763 • Forbade settlement west of the Appalachians • Attempt to limit contact between colonists and natives • Land-hungry colonists seeking farms in the west, extremely disappointed • Impossible to enforce • Simply led to arguments between the two sides

  9. Other Early Squabbles • Sugar Act (1764) • Tried to eliminate illegal sugar trading • Set up British courts to try smugglers • Currency Act (1764) • Colonies must not issue their own $ • By 1765: No real schisms, just hard feelings

  10. Stamp Act Crisis of 1765 • Created by PM Greenville • Required colonists to place stamps on legal documents, licenses, newspapers, etc… • Light economic burden • Precedent of an internal tax on colonists • Ignored colonial assemblies • Patrick Henry, Sons of Liberty protest

  11. Stamp Act

  12. Repeal of the Stamp Act (1766) • Colonists celebrate their first major “victory” • Protest represented first coordination efforts of colonies • Parliament passes Declaratory Act at the same time • Parliament has full authority over colonies • Provision ignored by Americans

  13. Townshend Acts (1767) • New taxes on various Colonial imports (external tax) • Tried to enforce the “Quartering” Act • Disbanded rebellious NY Assembly • Established new customs comm. • Colonial boycotts of taxed imports • Repealed (1770) after Townshend dies • Except for the tax on tea

  14. The Boston Massacre

  15. The Boston Massacre 1770 • British regulars stationed inside Boston to keep order • Colonists harassing Redcoats verbally and with “snowballs with a core of rock” • Redcoats being shooting, 5 dead colonists • Sam Adams & newspapers sensationalize account, call it a “massacre”

  16. Other Preludes to Revolution • Gaspee incident • Tea Act of 1773 • which lowered taxes • East India Co. given special tax breaks • EIC could undersell American competion

  17. Boston Tea Party

  18. Hung over from the Boston Tea Party? • Colonists refuse to pay for destroyed tea • Coercive (Intolerable) Acts • Closed Boston Harbor • Eliminated self-gov’t in Mass • Quartering of troops in Mass • British accused tried elsewhere

  19. Revolutionary Philosophy • By 1775, the split was not irreconcilable • Organized efforts of all colonies important (see Comm. of Correspondence) • Moderates dominated • Revolutionaries still considered extremists • Cautious action by most

  20. New Symbols

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