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Expanding Public Education. Chapter 8, Section 2. Schools for Children. Must attend 12-16 weeks of school per year (we have 36!) Reading, writing, arithmetic Strict rules and harsh punishment Americanize immigrant children. 1900 School desk. Schoolhouse Bellingham, WA.
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Expanding Public Education Chapter 8, Section 2
Schools for Children • Must attend 12-16 weeks of school per year (we have 36!) • Reading, writing, arithmetic • Strict rules and harsh punishment • Americanize immigrant children
Education for Immigrants • “Americanization” • Catholic parochial schools • Night school for adults • Henry Ford’s sociology department
Growth of High Schools • 1900: 500,000 high school students • Science, civics, social studies, vocational courses • 1% of African American teenagers attended high school
Actual Rules for Teachers (circa 1915) • You will not marry during the term of your contract. • You are not to keep company with men. • You must be home between the hours of 8 p.m. and 6 a.m. unless attending a school function. • Your dresses must be not be any shorter than two inches above the ankle. • You may not travel beyond the city limits unless you have the permission of the chairman of the (school) board. • You may not ride in a carriage or automobile with any man unless he is your father or brother. • You may not dress in bright colors. • You may under no circumstances dye your hair. • You must wear at least two petticoats. • You may not loiter downtown in ice cream stores.
Expanding Higher Education • 1880-1920 enrollment quadrupled • Law schools and medical schools • Private schools require entrance exam • Public schools require high school diploma
Morrill Acts • 1862: 30,000 acres granted to each state for agricultural and mechanical arts colleges • 1890: Federal funds to these school (Clemson, Penn State, and Iowa State)
Higher Education for African Americans • Howard, Atlanta, and Fisk Universities • Booker T. Washington • Labor skills and economic value would end racism • W.E.B. DuBois • First African-American to receive PhD from Harvard • Immediate inclusion to mainstream America
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