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Today: Production Cost of Electricity

Today: Production Cost of Electricity. (in the U.S. in 1997, cents per kWh). 22 ¢. 5.5 ¢. 3.9 ¢. 3.6 ¢. 2.1 ¢. 2.3 ¢. coal. nuclear. gas. oil. wind. solar. Nuclear Energy Institute, American Wind Energy Association, American Solar Energy Society.

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Today: Production Cost of Electricity

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  1. Today: Production Cost of Electricity (in the U.S. in 1997, cents per kWh) 22 ¢ 5.5 ¢ 3.9 ¢ 3.6 ¢ 2.1 ¢ 2.3 ¢ coal nuclear gas oil wind solar Nuclear Energy Institute, American Wind Energy Association, American Solar Energy Society

  2. Photons to Chemicals-Overall Process Building blocks: H2O and Photons hn H2 H2O O2

  3. Photons to Chemicals-Overall Process Building blocks: H2O and Photons hn electricity photovoltaic electrolysis H2 H2O O2

  4. Photons to Chemicals-Overall Process Building blocks: H2O, CO2 and Photons hn CO2 [CH3OH(l) can be substituted by CH4 (g)] electricity photovoltaic Methanol synthesis reactor electrolysis CH3OH H2 H2O O2

  5. Photons to Chemicals-Overall Process Building blocks: H2O, CO2 and Photons hn CO2 [CH3OH(l) can be substituted by CH4 (g)] electricity photovoltaic Methanol synthesis reactor electrolysis CH3OH H2 H2O Electrochemical Methanol production O2

  6. Presently Possible Methanol Generation Electrochemical Cell-A Reverse Fuel Cell + - CO2 O2 e- e- Catalyst-supported electrode Proton exchange membrane O2 e- CO2 e- H+ Cathode Anode CH3OH + H2O H2O 2H2O→O2(g)+4H++4e- CO2+6H++6e-→CH3OH+H2O

  7. CO2 O2 e- e- Catalyst- supported electrode Proton exchange membrane O2 CO2 e- e- H+ Cathode Anode CH3OH + H2O H2O CO2 CO2 O2 O2 e- e- e- e- Photo electrode Enzyme- supported electrode Proton exchange membrane Proton exchange membrane O2 O2 CO2 CO2 e- e- e- e- H+ H+ Cathode Cathode Anode Anode CH3OH + H2O CH3OH + H2O H2O H2O Proposed Novel Studies-First Step CH3OH CH4 hn

  8. CO2 O2 e- e- Catalyst- supported electrode Proton exchange membrane O2 CO2 e- e- H+ Cathode Anode CH3OH + H2O H2O CO2 CO2 O2 O2 e- e- e- e- Photo electrode Enzyme- supported electrode Proton exchange membrane Proton exchange membrane O2 O2 CO2 CO2 e- e- e- e- H+ H+ Cathode Cathode Anode Anode CH3OH + H2O CH3OH + H2O H2O H2O Proposed Novel Studies-First Step CH3OH CH4 hn

  9. Research Needed • Design synthetic enzymes that • catalyze the reaction at the right potential • increase turnover rates • have stability • Demonstrate in a real device • Develop substantive collaborations between chemical biologists, inorganic chemists and materials chemists

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