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1. The US and WWI ACOA - Chapter 10
Review
2. Part I- The War Begins
3. Europe on the Eve of World War I, 1914
4. The Causes Competing Alliances
Europe Tension- most Euro-nations were hooked up in an alliance of some sort
Nationalism
Your nation must compete/keep up or be better than the other nations caused competition and tension
5. Triple Alliance v. Triple Entente
6. The Causes Imperialism
Competition for more territory, resources, markets adds to the tension between nations
Militarism
Military Spending increased 300% from 1870 -1914
12. The Match Up Allied Powers
Russia
France
Great Britain
Serbia
Others Central Powers
Austria-Hungary
Germany
Ottoman Turks
Others
13. Part II- The US Gets Involved
14. Early American Reaction Stay out its a European Affair, however...
1 out 7 Americans are European immigrants
2 out 5 Americans have family in Europe
Americans were related to and also doing business with both sides in the conflict
16. US Attitude-Neutrality (sort of) America tries to stay neutral
Europeans conflict damaged US business and farms
President Wilson tried to keep US out
17. What if If European markets go down than so will US economy
Wilson allows US banks to loan money to European nations
US business manufactures munitions
US Banks and Wall Street loan Billions to Allies and only millions to Central Powers
19. American Involvement: U-boats German U-boats- attack US ships
Lusitania- carried war supplies May 1915
Sussex Pledge- Germany will try to stop
Germany resumes U-boat attacks
22. American Involvement: Zimmerman Telegram Asked Mexico to join Germany and Central powers, if the US gets involved in WWI
Germany and Mexico would split up US after WWI
Was it real?
Germany denied it.
Mexico said they never got it.
It was discovered by a British Spy, hmmm?
24. American Involvement: Russian Revolution 1917 Russian monarchy this was against (US) ideals of Democracy
Bolsheviks take over and pull out of the war
Now the US has no issues joining the Allies
25. American Involvement: The Financial Issue US banks and business have loaned billions to the Allied Nations
US banks and business have loaned millions to the Central Power Nations
Do the Math
Do you want to lose Millions
Or Billions?
26. US Enters the War Wilson declares war on Germany in April 1917
The United States would fight to make the world safe for democracy.
Many American business see it as an opportunity
Some say that that the war is going on at the command of Gold.
Anti war attitudes are quickly silenced
29. US and WWI : The War The US enters in1917
First action not until April 1918
War ends Nov. 11, 1918 (11/11 @ 11:00 AM)
US Casualties = 116,516
30. WWI Casualties US - 116,516
GB- 908,000;
France- 1,375,000
Germany-1,800,000
Austria-Hungary 1,200,000
Russia- 1,700,000
31. Impact of WWI- Military Military
Selective Service Act- the Draft, army wanted 3 million men
Segregated Army still the case- Harlem Hell Fighters; most AA did grunt work
Volunteers Women- nurses, drivers, etc.
33. Impact of WWI- $$$ Bonds
Billions $$ raised to support war
Most came in bonds, Liberty Bonds
Mass movement to sell bonds- Boy Scouts, celebrities, etc pushed them.
34. Impact of WWI- $$$ Agencies
War Industries Board- oversaw production; told companies what to make and also said who could have what resources
Metal for bullets not refrigerators
35. Impact of WWI- $$$ Agencies
National Labor Relations Board- settled disputes between business and workers (unions)
Most strikes occurred during this time- gave unions power
Women and AA entered work force
IWW & other socialists were persecuted- seen as anti-America
36. Impact of WWI- $$$ Agencies
Food Administration
Issued price controls and rationing
Made sure army had supplies
Propaganda to increase production and conservation
37. Impact of WWI- $$$ Agencies
Committee of Public Information
Issued propaganda in support of the war
Films, songs, campaigns, etc.
Promoted fear of foreigners- sedition and espionage
Anti-war = Anti-American?
39. Anti-War = Anti- America Violence against anti-war people
Union (IWW) members arrested beaten
Vigilantes & Lynching- Robert Prager
German Measles = Liberty measles
Hamburger = Liberty sandwich
French Fries = Freedom fries?
No Mozart or German Music
Literacy test for immigrants
40. The End of the War This will come into play again and again and again
41. Wilsons 14 Points Presidents Wilsons idea to end the war, bring peace for the long term
Based on self-determination and little retribution
England & France- more interested in revenge
Most of 14 points thrown out, except League of Nations
Wilson leaves peace talks before Treaty signed
42. Treaty of Versailles 1919 Ends war
England and France make Germany pay
Germany must:
Pay reparations $33 Billion
Give Up Colonies
Give Up Military
Gove up land between Germany & France
Must take the blame for starting the war
43. US Isolationism Europe was constantly fighting
US lost soldiers
Leads to no involvement w/Europe
US denies League of Nations
Wilson dies
America stays our of European affairs
44. US Isolationism ? $$ Europe messed up after the war
US farms & industries take advantage
US becomes economic powerhouse
Europe owes US mass $$ (+$11.5 billion)
US established as a world power
45. End of the War at Home Soldiers return home need jobs
Causes unrest- women and minorities were pushed out of jobs
Europeans were messed up and buying less
US industries sell less and less, workers start to get fired, the cycle