Academic Integrity Information for HDR students

1. Academic Integrity Information for HDR students Dr. Lesley Sefcik Academic Integrity Advisor Office of the Academic Registrar With contributions from and thanks to Dr. Connie Price - CLT CRICOS Provider code 00301J Curtin University is a trademark of Curtin University of Technology.

3. Acknowledgement of Country (Boodja) • I would like to acknowledge the Whadjuk Noongar people whose land we are standing on and recognise the strength, resilience and capacity of the Noongar people where Curtin University is situated. I acknowledge the Elders, past and present.

4. Essential Academic Integrity (AI) Info for HDR Students and Supervisors Purpose: • Enhance understanding of what constitutes academic integrity, plagiarism, and academic misconduct • Learn good practice principles Photo iStock

5. What do you mean by Academic Integrity? • Academic integrity boils down to honesty and responsibility. • Integrity means to act ethically, honestly and with fairness. • This means that all of your work at Curtin should be your own. If you use other’s work, then you must acknowledge it. Photo iStock

6. What does plagiarism mean? • Plagiarism means presenting the work or property of another person as if it was one’s own without appropriate acknowledgement or referencing

7. Plagiarism in the mainstream media http://www.cnbc.com/2016/07/19/melania-trump-accused-of-plagarizing-2008-michelle-obama-speech-for-her-rnc-debut.html (NY Times - Ueno and Inoue, 2015) (NY Times - Martin, June 29, 2016) (CNBC.com Staff, 19 July 2016) Presented in: Sefcik, LT (2016) Prevention and early intervention: Two prongs in the approach to academic integrity education. Webinar presented 27 July 2016. http://go.turnitin.com/Apac-Webcast-PreventionandEarly

8. Cheating in Higher Education https://theconversation.com/forget-plagiarism-theres-a-new-and-bigger-threat-to-academic-integrity-46210

9. http://www.theage.com.au/victoria/deakin-university-students-kicked-out-for-contract-cheating-20160517-goxm1y.htmlhttp://www.theage.com.au/victoria/deakin-university-students-kicked-out-for-contract-cheating-20160517-goxm1y.html

10. Studies on Research Integrity • 2000-2014 163,000 BioMed Central publications – 77 retractions • 13 “honest error” • 14 research misconduct (data fabrication/absence of ethical approval) • 36 publishing misconduct (plagiarism and image duplication) • 14 unknown • 2012 study >2,000 PubMed-indexed retractions • 43% fraud • 10% plagiarism • In 2014 Wiley journals – 82 retractions • 40 “serious problems” (fabrication or experimental flaws) • 21 plagiarism (Grens, 2015): http://www.the-scientist.com/?articles.view/articleNo/43130/title/Retractions-Often-Due-to-Plagiarism--Study/

11. Are academic misconduct and research integritybig issues at Curtin?

12. 2017 Curtin Student Misconduct Data • Academic misconduct = 1232 cases • Plagiarism (Level II or III) 75% of cases • Cheating = 9% of cases • Collusion = 12% of cases • Falsification of data = 2% of cases • General misconduct = 44 cases • Academic record fraud = 4 cases • Award rescission = 4 cases (3 PhDs) (Report on Academic Integrity and Student Misconduct for 2017, 2018)

13. How many people actually get caught? Academic Misconduct Figure: Report on Academic Integrity for 2017 – Curtin University Curtin investigated more than 2,100 cases of plagiarism, cheating and academic misconduct last year!

14. ‘New to Curtin’ • Level I plagiarism can only be used for students who meet the ‘New to Curtin’ criteria • Student enrolled in a Higher Degree by Research program prior to the submission of their candidacy document

15. Academic Integrity Good Practice Four key factors • Good Study Skills • Build robust relationships • Educate yourself • Use the technological safety net Photo iStock (Newton and Lang, 2015; Bretag, 2015).

16. Academic Integrity Good Practice – 1 • Good time management skills, study skills and organisation is crucial • Study: 67% of academic misconduct cases reported mismanagement of time with competing demands as the reason for the misconduct • HDR students also cited poor relationships with supervisors and work not being checked (Carroll, 2007; p. 27, Cox et. al, 2001)

17. Academic Integrity Good Practice - 2 • Build Strong Relationships • Good communication is important • Embrace Curtin Values • Integrity, respect, courage, excellence, impact • Regularly discuss AI concept with other students and your supervisor (Bretag, 2015) MORE INFORMATION: http://www.curtin.edu.au/strengthening-our-culture/

18. Academic Integrity Good Practice - 3 • Educate yourself about academic integrity! • Research Integrity Training – Blackboard • Academic Integrity Program (AIP) – Community Site • Implemented to: • Curb growing concerns about integrity in research and education • Maintain degree qualification and reputation • Learn about consequences for breaching AI Photo iStock (Bretag, 2015)

19. Academic Integrity Good Practice - 3 • At Curtin, Misconduct it is managed in accordance with Statute No. 10 - Student Discipline and the Management of Plagiarism Policy • Student Misconduct procedural details are outlined in: • Academic Misconduct Rules MORE INFORMATION: https://policies.curtin.edu.au/legislation/internallegislation/statutes_rules.cfm

20. Academic Integrity Good Practice - 3 • Learn correct acknowledgement of sources • Take advantage of the excellent resources on campus • Library: • Free workshops, guides and tutorials • Referencing guides • Download and use Endnote for free MORE INFORMATION: http://library.curtin.edu.au/

21. Academic Integrity Good Practice - 3 • Use The Learning Centre @ Curtin • HDR Skills and Resources • Study Skills • Workshops and Seminars • Communication Skills Centre • for CBS students MORE INFORMATION: http://life.curtin.edu.au/learning-support/improve-your-skills.htm http://business.curtin.edu.au/studying-business/student-services/communication-skills-centre/

22. Academic Integrity Good Practice - 3 • Academic Integrity Website • Student guidelines for avoiding plagiarism • Student checklist to prevent plagiarism • Other AI related information • Links to Turnitin‘how to’ videos MORE INFORMATION: https://academicintegrity.curtin.edu.au/

23. Academic Integrity Good Practice - 4 • Use Curtin’s Technological Safety Net • What it is… • Text matching tool • Shows % match • What is not… • Plagiarism detection tool • No safe threshold limit (Lancaster and Clarke, 2014)

24. Academic Integrity Good Practice - 4 • You have access to regularly submit drafts to Turnitin – Use it! • Examine the Turnitin originality reports • Discuss the results with your supervisor (Lancaster and Clarke, 2014)

25. Turnitin Resources • Academic Integrity Website page on using Turnitin specifically for HDR Students • Four ‘How to’ Videos MORE INFORMATION: https://academicintegrity.curtin.edu.au/students/TiiVideos_HDR.cfm

26. Summary Four key ingredients for Academic Integrity Good Practice • Good Study Skills • Build robust relationships • Educate yourself • Use the technological safety net Photo iStock (Newton and Lang, 2015; Bretag, 2015).

27. References and Resources • Academic Misconduct Rules (2014) Academic Misconduct Rules. Curtin University Council, Bentley Campus: https://policies.curtin.edu.au/local/docs/Statute_10_Academic_Misconduct_Rules_Amended_-_May_2014.pdf • Bretag, T. (2015) Academic integrity: threats and opportunities. Presentation to Academic Senate, Macquarie University, 2 June 2015. https://www.google.com.au/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=1&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=0CCEQFjAA&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mq.edu.au%2Fpubstatic%2Fpublic% 2Fdownload.jsp%3Fid%3D238043&ei=hk2KVbbRIc2B8gWao4K4Aw&usg=AFQjCNEWs2uI91JjHJmj2YynTW3sms0R9w&bvm=bv.96440147,d.dGc • Carroll J., (2007) A Handbook for Deterring Plagiarism in Higher Education – Second Edition. The Oxford Centre for Staff and Learning Development. Oxford, UK: Oxford Brookes University • Cox, A., Currall, J., and Connolly, S. (2001) The human and organisational issues associated with network security, http://litc.sbu.ac.uj/jcalt Cited in Carroll J., (2007) A Handbook for Deterring Plagiarism in Higher Education – Second Edition. The Oxford Centre for Staff and Learning Development. Oxford UK: Oxford Brookes University, • CNBC.com Staff (19 July 2016) MelaniaTrump accused of plagiarizing 2008 Michelle Obama speech for her RNC debut. CNBC News http://www.cnbc.com/2016/07/19/melania- trump-accused-of-plagarizing-2008-michelle-obama-speech-for-her-rnc-debut.html • Curtin Values: http://www.curtin.edu.au/strengthening-our-culture/ • Grens K., (2015) Retractions Often Due to Plagiarism: Study The Scientist Published June 1, 2015 http://www.the-scientist.com/?articles.view/articleNo/43130/title/Retractions- Often-Due-to-Plagiarism--Study/ • Jacks, T. (2016) Deakin University students kicked out for 'contract cheating‘. The Age. 18 May 2016 http://www.theage.com.au/victoria/deakin-university-students-kicked-out-for-contract-cheating-20160517-goxm1y.html • Lancaster, T., and Clarke, R. (2014) Using Turnitin as a tool for attribution in cases of contract cheating. The Higher Education Academy STEM Annual Conference. Heslington, UK: The Higher Education Academy, Wednesday, 30 April, 2014. • Management of Plagiarism Policy (2014) Management of Plagiarism Policy. Curtin University Academic Board, Bentley Campus: Associate Deputy Vice-Chancellor, Teaching and Learning. http://policies.curtin.edu.au/findapolicy/docs/Management_of_Plagiarism_Policy.pdf • Newton, P. and Lang, C. (2015, forthcoming). Custom essay writers, freelancers and other paid third parties, Chapter in Section 2, Types of academic integrity breaches, Handbook of Academic Integrity (Ed., Tracey Bretag), Sydney, NSW: Springer. • Report on Academic Integrity for 2015 (2016) Report on Academic Integrity for 2015. Curtin University. Office of the Academic Registrar. • Seals, M., Hammons, J., and Mamiseishvili, K. (2014) Teaching assistants’ preparation for, attitudes towards, and experiences with academic dishonesty: lessons learned. International Journal of Teaching and Learning in Higher Education, Volume 26, Number 1, 26-36. http://www.isetl.org/ijtlhe/ ISSN 1812-9129 • Statute No. 10 – Student Discipline (2010) Statute No. 10 – Student Discipline. Curtin University Council, Bentley Campus: https://policies.curtin.edu.au/local/docs/statute_no_10_2010.pdf • Swales JM and Feak, CB (1994) Based on an exercise in Academic Writing for Graduate Students. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan • Thomas, A., (2015) Forget plagiarism: there’s a new and bigger threat to academic integrity. The Conversation, 19 August 2015 https://theconversation.com/forget-plagiarism-theres-a-new-and-bigger-threat-to-academic-integrity-46210